This paper presents the “Safe-Instantiation Principle,” a new design principle for evaluating extensions of Java with support for generic types. We discuss the GJ and NextGen formulations of Generic Java and the implications of safe instantiation on both approaches. We then consider the implications of safe-instantiation for the addition of mixins to Java via generic types. Finally, we defend t...

The objective of this article is to systematize the principal recent research results pertaining to the so-called hygienic hypothesis, which establishes an etiological link between the increasing incidence of allergic diseases and the decreasing incidence of infectious diseases in the industrialized countries of the Western world. The author contends that the current debate on the hygienic hypo...

The analysis of medical effects of the Chernobyl accident has obviously demonstrated the high importance of the establishing so-called “zero” baseline of the population health. Such information is necessary to evaluate possible medical effect of many year operation of atomic facilities and to clarify the scale of the health impact. Such assessments require vast comprehensive hygienic studies wi...

Self-isolation is a preventive measure that started in January 2020 as response to the spread of COVID-19, and it has no precedents human history. During this pandemic, governments forced billions people self-isolate for several months, sanitary–hygienic assessment self-isolation became an essential issue. We suggest definition then develop methods assessing how hygienic isolation household mem...

background: the hygienic issues are the essential criteria in the primary site selection, compatibility and maintain of passengers health after use of the services. qom with 17 million annual tourists is the second religious tourism center in iran. the aim of this study was to investigate the impact of the public residential centers internal managers’ educational status on their environmental h...

background & aims of the study: because of yoghurt is a particular flavor (caused by diacetyl) and appropriate essential oils (from atanal) as well as enjoy the soft tissue, it is considered as one of the most palatable dairy products. with regards to the yoghurt portion in supplement of protein food needs in our society, it is necessary to ensure its health. in this research the hygienic quali...

This paper presents the “safe-instantiation principle” a new design principle for evaluating extensions of Java with support for generic types. We discuss the GJ and NextGen formulations of Generic Java and the implications of safe instantiation on both approaches. We then consider the implications of safe-instantiation for the addition of mixins to Java via generic types. Finally, we defend th...

The aim of this article was to define the quality of catering establishments in Virovitica Podravina county before and after the course of "hygienic minimum". Research was realized through interview and assessment of microbiological swabs of the same catering establishments before and after the course of "hygienic minimum". All procedures were performed according to Regulations on standard spec...

INTRODUCTION Toxoplasmosis is a widespread zoonosis that causes significant economic losses due to abortions and other developmental disabilities in livestock animals. The objectives of the current study were to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in cattle and buffaloes in northern parts of Punjab, Pakistan, where no such work previously existed....

From December 1999 to December 2001, many cases of hepatitis A were notified in the county of Belford Roxo involving individuals aged 0 to 79 years. Serum samples were collected to evaluate the prevalence of anti-hepatitis A virus (HAV) antibodies, to detect HAV-RNA and to correlate with possible risk factors of HAV infection. Serum samples were screened by commercial IgM and total anti-HAV ant...