How did life originate on Earth? This has always been a challenging topic generating continuous interest among different fields, such as chemistry, biology, physics, and engineering. The “primordial soup”, which has been the most commonly accepted theory, fails to explain how molecules present at low concentrations in the prebiotic oceans could create the building blocks of life, such as protei...

Nitrogen functionalization of graphene offers new hybrid materials with improved performance for important technological applications. Despite studies highlighting the dependence of the performance of nitrogen-functionalized graphene on the types of nitrogen functional groups that are present, precise synthetic control over their ratio is challenging. Herein, the synthesis of nitrogen-functiona...

Vol.13, No.1 | 2015 | hypothesisjournal.com ABSTRACT Experimental conditions were devised, imitating prebiotic conditions in hydrothermal vents, to examine the possible prebiotic role of free purine bases in the direct synthesis of amino acids. Hypoxanthine, the biochemical precursor of adenine and guanine, was able to capture nitrite ions and be reductively transformed into adenine. Transfer o...

As many of the methanogens first encountered at hydrothermal vents were thermophilic to hyperthermophilic and comprised one of the lower roots of the evolutionary tree, it has been assumed that methanogenesis was one of the earliest, if not the earliest, pathway to life. It being well known that hydrothermal springs associated with serpentinization also bore abiotic methane, it had been further...

Flexible piezoelectric PZT/fabric composite material is pliable and tough in nature which is in a lack of traditional PZT patches. It has great application prospect in improving the sensitivity of sensor/actuator made by piezoelectric materials especially when they are used for curved surfaces or complicated conditions. In this paper, glass fiber cloth was adopted as carrier to grow PZT piezoel...

Hydrothermal process has been applied for effective production of Hydrogen from biowastes. In this study hydrothermal process for production of valuable Hydroxylapatitefrom chicken manure containing phosphorus was focused on. Conditions of 400 ̊C and 26 27 MPa with addition of 1 mmol Ca(OH)2 were determined as the optimal by using Ophospho-DL-serine as a model compound. Afterwards, the real biow...

It has been suggested that Saturn's moon Enceladus possesses a subsurface ocean. The recent discovery of silica nanoparticles derived from Enceladus shows the presence of ongoing hydrothermal reactions in the interior. Here, we report results from detailed laboratory experiments to constrain the reaction conditions. To sustain the formation of silica nanoparticles, the composition of Enceladus'...