E€ective control of nonpoint source pollution from contaminants transported by runo€ requires information about the source areas of surface runo€. Variable source hydrology is widely recognized by hydrologists, yet few methods exist for identifying the saturated areas that generate most runo€ in humid regions. The Soil Moisture Routing model is a daily water balance model that simulates the hyd...

Rising demand and the potential decline in renewables resources have made energy production one of most important challenges future. In hydropower plants, various factors can be reasons to limit supply. this study, population GDP, climatic parameters (temperature precipitation) are analyzed for prediction demand. The innovation research is Introduction a developed algorithm called Improved Wate...

Groundwater is one of the most important natural resources for reliable and sustainable water supplies in world. To understand use resources, fundamental characteristics groundwater need to be analyzed, but many cases, situ data measurements are not available or incomplete. In this study, we used GIS fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) techniques delineation potential zones (GWPZ) Titel Mun...

Although attractive to hydrologists, artificial neural network modeling still lacks norms that would help modelers to create and train efficient rainfall-runoff models in a systematic way. This study focuses on the impact of the length of observed records on the performance of multiplelayer perceptrons (MLP), and compare their results with those of a parsimonious conceptual model equipped with ...

The present study examined a mangrove ecosystem in northern Taiwan to determine how the various components of ecosystem function, ecosystem services and human wellbeing are connected. The overall contributions of mangrove services to specific components of human wellbeing were also assessed. A network was developed and evaluated by an expert panel consisting of hydrologists, ecologists, and exp...

This study attempts to extend the prevailing definition of informational entropy, where entropy relates to the amount of reduction of uncertainty or, indirectly, to the amount of information gained through measurements of a random variable. The approach adopted herein describes informational entropy not as an absolute measure of information, but as a measure of the variation of information. Thi...

Field measurement of soil moisture is undertaken traditionally using point based measurement techniques such as neutron probes or time domain reflectrometry (TDR). Recently, a new technique has been developed that can be used to derive soil moisture at larger spatial scales by measuring neutrons that are generated by cosmic rays within the air and soil, and emitted back into the atmosphere. A ...