We have developed a consecutive sample-injection device for capillary electrophoresis, which comprises one four-way cock, two syringe pumps, and an interface part taking advantage of two three-way Teflon joints. Sample introduction into the capillary is made hydrodynamically by pressure, caused by the flow of the sample solution at the tip of the capillary inlet. We combined the injection devic...

We derive a concise and general expression of the energy dissipation rate for coupled oscillators rotating on circular trajectories by unifying the nonequilibrium aspects with the nonlinear dynamics via stochastic thermodynamics. In the framework of phase oscillator models, it is known that the even and odd parts of the coupling function express the effect on collective and relative dynamics, r...

We consider two dynamical systems associated with a substitution of Pisot type: the usual Z-action on a sequence space, and the R-action, which can be defined as a tiling dynamical system or as a suspension flow. We describe procedures for checking when these systems have pure discrete spectrum (the “balanced pairs algorithm” and the “overlap algorithm”) and study the relation between them. In ...

Article history: Received 17 September 2011 Received in revised form 30 October 2013 Accepted 31 October 2013 Available online 7 November 2013 This paper examines whether a casino tax is good for local welfare in a tourism economy. We find that what is important for efficiency is not the tax rate itself but the tax incidence on tourists. Casino tourism in Macao engages in price discrimination v...

Cellular automata (CA) are discrete, homogeneous dynamical systems. Non-surjective one-dimensional CA have nite words with no preimage (called orphans), pairs of di erent words starting and ending identically and having the same image (diamonds) and words with more/fewer preimages than the average number (unbalanced words). Using a linear algebra approach, we obtain new upper bounds on the leng...

The inconsistency of the battery pack will cause “barrel effect“ when is working. with lower power first reach discharge cut-off condition, resulting in not being fully discharged, reducing utilization rate. This paper uses state charge (SOC) as an equilibrium variable and forgetting factor recursive least square–extended Kalman filter (FFRLS-EKF) method to estimate SOC. Using a balanced topolo...