The quality of wide a variety of synthetic or naturally occurring materials which are used for outdoor applications are known to be adversely affected by environmental factors. These materials absorb solar ultraviolet radiation leading to changes in their structures and compositions. The consequences of these changes lead to degradation of the materials. Bitumen is one of the materials which is...

based on the {s+, i-} pathway, the concentration of surfactant and surface charge density of silanolate groups control the phase transition from lamellar, to hexagonal through cubic form. the high surface charge density of silanolate groups was observed for the lamellar phase. with decrease of molar concentration of surfactant on the gel, the yield of reaction decreases and the stability of mes...

background: poisoning is considered an important public health issue. considering the high prevalence of poisonings and the diversity of their ensuing symptoms, this study aimed to investigate the epidemiology of the clinical symptoms of poisoning in children admitted to shahid madani and ta'min ejtema'i hospitals of khorramabad in 2011. methods: in this cross-sectional study, the dat...

Rates of hydrocarbon biodegradation were estimated by following oxygen uptake during mineral oil oxidation or oxidation of [1-14C]hexadecane to 14CO2, when these substrates were added to natural water samples from Wisconsin lakes. A lag phase preceded hydrocarbon oxidation, the length of which depended on population density or on factors influencing growth rate and on the presence of nonhydroca...

As part of a program to reduce electrical energy consumption in the refining process, the effects of the ozone and alkaline peroxide treatments on fibre and handsheet properties, prior and subsequent to low consistency (LC) refining, were assessed and compared by applying different levels of ozone and a range of peroxide and alkali charges to a primary stage hemlock thermomechanical pulp (TMP)....

High strength aluminum alloys, especially those containing zirconium, are historically difficult to grain refine. Early efforts by Alcoa indicated that the addition of lithium to these alloys increases difficulty with grain refinement. Although grain refining of alloys 2090 and 2091 was possible, consistent results were not obtained. Statistically-designed experiments were used to quickly ident...

Although there have been numerous studies examining the toxicity and carcinogenicity of nickel compounds in humans and animals, its molecular mechanisms of action are not fully elucidated. In our research, NIH/3T3 cells were exposed to nickel-refining fumes at the concentrations of 0, 6.25, 12.50, 25, 50 and 100 μg/mL for 24 h. Cell viability, cell apoptosis, reactive oxygen species (ROS) level...

OBJECTIVES To provide a concise and practical guide to the development, modification, and use of behavioral coding schemes for observational data in pediatric psychology. METHODS This article provides a review of relevant literature and experience in developing and refining behavioral coding schemes. RESULTS A step-by-step guide to developing and/or modifying behavioral coding schemes is pr...

To get suitable ladle slag which can avoid slag sticking onto the RH immersion tube during RH refining process of IF steel, the effect of composition on melting point and viscosity of RH refining ladle slag was studied by different additives which is based on CaO. The results of melting point and viscosity testing experiments indicates that, the melting point and viscosity of RH refining ladle ...