Irrigation is well known for being the largest water user, responsible for about 70% of the total amount of fresh water withdrawals. At the same time, this irrigation contributes for about 40% of the total food production and is vital for many regions of the world such as Western USA, Australia, Southern Europe, and many countries in Asia and Africa. Recent FAO figures indicate that, by the yea...

The basic premise underlying ecohydraulics is deceptively simple: create a new discipline focused on the effects of water movement in aquatic ecosystems by melding principles of aquatic ecology (including aspects of fluvial geomorphology) and engineering hydraulics. However, advancing ecohydraulics as a synthetic, organized field of study is challenging because hydraulic engineers and ecologist...

Current models of leaf hydration employ an Ohm's law analogy of the leaf as an ideal capacitor, neglecting the resistance to flow between cells, or treat the leaf as a plane sheet with a source of water at fixed potential filling the mid-plane, neglecting the discrete placement of veins as well as their resistance. We develop a model of leaf hydration that considers the average conductance of t...

Henry S. Santeford;"~ln'd GeorgeR . Alger Department of Civil Engineering, Michigan Technological University Houghton, MI 49931 U.S.A. INTRODUCTION The formation and occurrence of an ice cover on an open channel may cause a very dynamic alteration in the flow characteristics. At times, the alterations will represent some of the largest natural changes that will occur on a giVen stream. Yet, Dn ...

The work completed had the following objectives: i) To compute pulse width (full width at half maximum-FWHM) of the power curves for the Three Mile Island Unit 1 Pressurized Water Reactor (TMI-1 PWR) core model in the event of a super-prompt-critical rod ejection accident (REA) at Hot Zero Power (HZP) in the central fuel assembly (Rod 7A) at both EOC and BOC for various control rod worths and d...

A systematic model calibration procedure for the Activated Sludge Model No. 1 (ASM1) was presented and evaluated on a combined municipal-industrial WWTP. A careful definition of the purpose of the model determines how to approach the model calibration. It was illustrated how additional information obtained from tests specifically designed to describe the hydraulics and the biology of the system...

Hydraulic fracturing has been used as one of the stimulation techniques to economically increase oil and gas production by creating small cracks in subsurface geologic formations allow or move toward a producing well. Hydraulics plays vital role many field operations including drilling, completion, production. In case fracturing, however, hydraulics becomes important since optimized can minimiz...

We investigated small-scale hydraulic power actuation systems using a system level analysis, where smallscale refers to systems generating 10 to 100 Watts output power, to determine whether the high power density advantage of hydraulics holds at small sizes. Hydraulic actuator system power density was analyzed with simple physics models and compared to an equivalent electromechanical system com...

Author(s): Emmanuel Mignot, Nicolas Rivière, Richard J. Perkins, André Paquier, Gilbert Travin. 1 Formerly Ph.D. Student, Hydrology—Hydraulics Research Unit, Cemagref, 3 bis, quai Chauveau, CP 220, 69336 Lyon Cedex 09, France. 2 Professor, Laboratoire de Mécanique des Fluides et d’Acoustique, Univ. de Lyon, CNRSECL-INSAL-UCBL1, INSA de Lyon, 20 av. A. Einstein, 69621 Villeurbanne, France. 3 Pro...