Glycosphingolipid analyses were performed on three clonal lines of the mouse Cl300 neuroblastoma (NZA, NA, and NB41A) and on three neuroblastoma X L cell hybrid lines (NLI-15A, NLI-7A, and NLI-11A) differing in teeir membrane electrical activities. Striking variations Of ganglioside but not of neutral glycosphingolipid patterns were observed in the neuroblastoma lines. No differences were obser...

Hybrid separation systems have recently been hailed as one of the inost promising alternatives to conventional capital and energy intensive separation processes. Hybrid separation systems are able to effectively separate inixtures commonly encountered in the fine chemical and pharmaceutical industries that are difficult or impossible to separate by conventional distillation processes due to aze...

Delivery of endocytosed macromolecules to lysosomes occurs by means of direct fusion of late endosomes with lysosomes. This has been formally demonstrated in a cell-free content mixing assay using late endosomes and lysosomes from rat liver. There is evidence from electron microscopy studies that the same process occurs in intact cells. The fusion process results in the formation of hybrid orga...

Lignin biosynthesis is an essential physiological activity of vascular plants if they are to survive under various environmental stresses on land. The biosynthesis of lignin proceeds in the cell wall by polymerization of precursors; the initial step of lignin polymerization is the transportation of lignin monomers from the cytosol to the cell wall, which is critical for lignin formation. There ...

Lignin biosynthesis is an essential physiological activity of vascular plants if they are to survive under various environmental stresses on land. The biosynthesis of lignin proceeds in the cell wall by polymerization of precursors; the initial step of lignin polymerization is the transportation of lignin monomers from the cytosol to the cell wall, which is critical for lignin formation. There ...

The demand is rising for desalination technologies to treat highly saline brines arising from hydraulic fracturing processes and inland desalination. Interest is growing in the use of electrical desalination technologies for this application. The hybridization of electrodialysis (ED) with reverse osmosis (RO) allows high salinities (beyond the range of RO alone) to be reached while avoiding the...

This study demonstrates the robustness and treatment capacity of a forward osmosis (FO)-membrane distillation (MD) hybrid system for small-scale decentralized sewer mining. A stable water flux was realized using a laboratory-scale FO-MD hybrid system operating continuously with raw sewage as the feed at water recovery up to 80%. The hybrid system also showed an excellent capacity for the remova...

Abstract Coupled nanomechanical resonators are interesting for both fundamental studies and practical applications as they offer rich tunable oscillation dynamics. At present, the mechanical coupling in such systems is often mediated by a fixed geometry, joint clamping point of or displacement-dependent force. Here we show graphene-integrated electromechanical system consisting two physically s...

Double-stranded DNA phages require two proteins for efficient host lysis: the endolysin, a muralytic enzyme, and the holin, a small membrane protein. In an event that defines the end of the vegetative cycle, the holin S acts suddenly to permeabilize the membrane. This permeabilization enables the R endolysin to attack the cell wall, after which cell lysis occurs within seconds. A C-terminal fus...