Following the advent of Sars – Cov 2 pandemic, HVAC systems have been affected by different interventions both in emergency and medium term. These were dictated need to maximise risk reduction within air-conditioned environments among these one most applied has elimination recirculation favor a full-out-door- air operation, specifically multi-zone systems. Some plant, such as those served roof-...

Modes of operation adapt block ciphers to many applications. Among the encryption modes, only CFB (Cipher Feedback) has both of the following properties: Firstly it allows transmission units shorter than the block-cipher length to be encrypted and sent without delay and message expansion. Secondly, it can resynchronize after the loss of such transmission units. However, CFB is ine cient in such...

In this paper, we study the security of the Encrypt-MaskDecrypt mode of operation, also called EMD, which was recently proposed for applications such as disk-sector encryption. The EMD mode transforms an ordinary block cipher operating on n–bit blocks into a tweakable block cipher operating on large blocks of size nm bits. We first show that EMD is not a secure tweakable block cipher and then d...

Naor and Reingold had proposed the construction of a strong pseudo-random permutation (SPRP) by using a layer of ECB encryption between two layers of invertible block-wise universal hash functions. At Crypto 2007, Halevi presented constructions of invertible block-wise universal hash functions and a new mode of operation (called TET) based on them. In this paper, we present a new mode of operat...

Conventional heating, ventilating, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems have traditionally used the temperature and the humidity ratio as the quantitative indices of comfort in a room. Recently, the carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration has also been recognized as having an important contribution to room comfort. This paper presents the modeling of an augmented HVAC system including CO2 concentrati...

HVAC systems constitute ∼ 40% of energy in commercial buildings, and faults in HVAC account for 5% to 20% of its energy consumption. Typically, HVAC in modern buildings are managed using Building Managing Systems (BMS), and fault detection is one of the essential services provided by BMS to keep HVAC operational. We study the fault management practices followed in real commercial buildings, and...

Control methodologies could achieve better comfort conditions of heating, ventilating and air conditioning (HVAC) systems, however, the application of classical controllers is unsatisfactory as HVAC systems are non-linear and the control variables such as temperature and relative humidity (RH) inside the thermal zone are coupled. The objective of this study is to implement and simulate adaptive...

In the U.S., approximately 47% of total electricity use comes from residential buildings. Most buildings HVAC system to ventilate, cool, or heat indoor environmental spaces mechanically, rather than using natural outdoor air in transition seasons, even though conditions are favorable for thermal comfort. this case, an mixed-mode ventilation with appropriate ratio and could decrease energy This ...

With energy use growing rapidly around the world, building energy conservation is becoming a great concern especially for large commercial buildings. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop appropriate methods for energy use assessment of commercial buildings. In recent years, energy monitoring system (EMS) has been applied in some large-scale commercial buildings, which has laid the ...

This paper describes the extension of a building management system with an interface that allows the import of simulation models, control, and fault detection (FDD) algorithms. This interface is based on the Functional Mock-up Interface (FMI), and the Building Automation Java Architecture (Baja) standards. This allows HVAC designers and control vendors a) developing, testing and improving contr...