Accelerated global warming is predicted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climatic Change (IPCC) due to increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. The climate changes are anticipated to have a long-term impact on human health, marine and terrestrial ecosystems, water resources and vegetation. Due to rising sea levels, low lying coastal regions will be flooded, farmlands will be threaten...

Because of the differences between indoor and outdoor thermal condition, preparing some outdoor thermal indices is a way to understand and categorize the outdoor thermal sensation. The aim of these indices is not to provide thermal comfort - as it is the aim of indoor indices. Instead, they are provided to analyze outdoor thermal sensation to help architects, landscape architects and urban desi...

One of the great challenges that the dairy industry faces, especially during the summer month, is heat stress. Increase in temperature, together with an increase in humidity, results in a decrease in milk production, feed intake, feed efficiency and even reduced growth rate in heifers (West, 1999). Reproduction and health are also negatively affected by heat stress (St Pierre et al., 2003). Dif...

Long distance travel is an unusual activity for humans. The economical cabin environment (low air circulation, limited space, low humidity, etc.) during the long haul flights causes discomfort and even stress for many passengers. In-flight video and music systems are commonly available to improve the comfort level of the passengers. However, current in-flight music systems do not explore how th...

The turbulent energy equation, together with a modified mixing length, is adopted to close the governing equations in the turbulent planetary boundary layer under stratification conditions. The system of governing equations is decoupled by introducing a stratification parameter, Q. Numerical integration of the system, in general, is outlined and should be easily implemented. Results for the mom...

Bacterial threads of up to 1 m in length have been produced from filaments of separation-suppressed mutants of Bacillus subtilis. Individual threads may contain 20,000 cellular filaments in parallel alignment. The tensile properties of bacterial threads have been examined by using conventional textile engineering techniques. The kinetics of elongation at constant load are indicative of a viscoe...

Exposure of six wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and one rye (Secale cereale L.) cultivar to 40% relative humidity for 24 hours induced the same degree of freezing tolerance in seedling epicotyls as did cold conditioning for 4 weeks at 2 degrees C.Frost hardiness varietal relationships were the same in desiccation-stressed and cold-hardened seedlings. Drought stress could, therefore, be used as a r...

The stump in lower limb amputees is prone to skin problems because it is exposed to several unnatural conditions (shear and stress forces and increased humidity) when a prosthesis is used. This study reviews the literature on case reports of lower limb amputees with skin problems on the stump. In total, 56 reports comprising 76 cases were identified in the literature. The main disorders are acr...

Background:Thermal stress may have numerous harmful effects on human health. This study aimed at investigating thermal stress in the city of Kerman, Iran. Methods:In this descriptive-analytical study, thermal stress was assessed from 6 AM to 9 PM in 2016 using four thermal stress indices including wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGT), environmental stress index (...