We examined the seasonal variation in environmentally induced protein damage in natural populations of the intertidal mussel Mytilus trossulus. In order to compare the state of protein pools during seasonal variations in environmental temperature, we used solid-phase immunochemical analysis to quantify ubiquitin conjugate concentrations and relative levels of the stress protein hsp70. The two b...

Species in the virilis group of Drosophila (fruit flies), which overlap or replace one another along climatic gradients, exhibit corresponding differences in basal thermotolerance, inducible thermotolerance and the heat-shock response. The low-latitude species D. virilis exceeds the high-latitude species D. lummei in these measures of thermotolerance, the temperature threshold for heat-shock fa...

Current data suggest that nitric oxide (NO) is a double-edged sword that could result in relaxation and/or cytotoxicity of vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs) via cGMP- dependent or -independent signal pathways. Stress or heat shock proteins (hsps) have been shown to be augmented in arterial SMCs during acute hypertension and atherosclerosis, both conditions that are believed to correlate with ...

Heat shock leads to accumulation of polyadenylated RNA in nuclei of Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells, transcriptional induction of heat shock genes, and efficient export of polyadenylated heat shock mRNAs. These studies were conducted to examine the requirements for export of mRNA following heat shock. We used in situ hybridization to detect SSA4 mRNA (encoding Hsp70) and flow cytometry to measur...

In most organisms, the heat-shock response involves increased heat-shock gene transcription. In Kinetoplastid protists, however, virtually all control of gene expression is post-transcriptional. Correspondingly, Trypanosoma brucei heat-shock protein 70 (HSP70) synthesis after heat shock depends on regulation of HSP70 mRNA turnover. We here show that the T. brucei CCCH zinc finger protein ZC3H11...

Eukaryotic cells possess many transcriptionally regulated mechanisms to alleviate the nucleosome barrier. Dramatic changes to the chromatin structure of Drosophila melanogaster Hsp70 gene loci are dependent on the transcriptional activator, heat shock factor (HSF), and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Here, we find that PARP is associated with the 5' end of Hsp70, and its enzymatic activity ...

Although the induction of heat shock proteins (HSP) has been studied extensively in cultured cells, comparatively few studies have examined their expression in vivo. In this report, mRNA expression of two HSP families, HSP70 and HSP27, was investigated in brain, liver, lung, and skin of rats exposed to elevated ambient temperatures. The time course and relative magnitude of the heat-induced exp...

The yeast heat shock transcription factor (HSF) is regulated by posttranslational modification. Heat and superoxide can induce the conformational change associated with the heat shock response. Interaction between HSF and the chaperone hsp70 is also thought to play a role in HSF regulation. Here, we show that the Ssb1/2p member of the hsp70 family can form a stable, ATP-sensitive complex with H...

background: heat shock proteins (hsp) are highly conserved molecules with many immunological functions. they are highly immunogenic with important role in cancer immunotherapy and in vaccine development against infectious diseases. as adjuvant, hsp can augment the immunogenicity of weak antigens and can stimulate antigen presenting cells. although vaccines have been successful for many infectio...

background and aims: the novel approaches in influenza vaccination have targeted more conserved viral proteins such as nucleoprotein (np) to provide cross protection against all serotypes of influenza a viruses. influenza specific cytotoxic t lymphocytes (ctl) are able to lyse influenza-infected cells by recognition of np, the major target molecule in virus for ctl responses. on the other hand,...