IMPORTANCE All studies of 24-hour intraocular pressure (IOP) rhythm conducted to date have used repeated IOP measurements requiring nocturnal awakenings, potentially disturbing sleep macrostructure. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects on sleep architecture and IOP rhythm of hourly awakening vs a contact lens sensor (CLS) to continuously monitor IOP without awakening. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PART...

Household electricity demand has substantial impacts on local grid operation, energy storage and the performance of buildings. Hourly data at district or urban level helps stakeholders understand patterns from a granular time scale provides robust evidence in management. However, such type is often expensive time-consuming to collect, process integrate. Decisions built upon smart meter have dea...

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With energy use growing rapidly around the world, building energy conservation is becoming a great concern especially for large commercial buildings. Therefore, it is of great significance to develop appropriate methods for energy use assessment of commercial buildings. In recent years, energy monitoring system (EMS) has been applied in some large-scale commercial buildings, which has laid the ...

This paper examines the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to the modelling and forecasting of electricity demand experienced by an electricity supplier. The data used in the application examples relates to the national electricity demand in the Republic of Ireland, generously supplied by the Electricity Supply Board (ESB). The paper focusses on three different time scales of inte...

Recent studies over different geographical regions of the world have proven that regional climate models at convection-permitting scale (CPMs) improve simulation precipitation in many aspects, such as diurnal cycle, frequency, intensity, and extremes daily—but even more hourly—time scales. Here, we present an evaluation simulations with newly developed RegCM4-NH model run (CP-RegCM4-NH) for a d...

We argue that the strength of the relationship between income and happiness can be influenced by exposure to organizational practices, such as being paid by the hour , that promote an economic evaluation of time use. Using cross-sectional data from the US, two studies found that income was more strongly associated with happiness for individuals paid by the hour compared to their non-hourly coun...

The assessment of rainfall extremes at sub-hourly scales is generally hindered by a lack data small timescale resolutions. This study proposes methodology for assessing mean annual maximum the scale blending historical time series maxima recorded mechanical stations (operating hourly scales) up to end past century with newer higher resolutions automatic installed over twenty years. A linear cor...

Solar radiation data are available for many locations on an hourly basis. Simulation studies of solar energy systems have generally used these hourly values to estimate longterm annual performance, although solar radiation can exhibit wide variations during an hour. Variations in solar radiation during an hour, such as on a minute basis, could result in inaccurate performance estimates for some...