OBJECTIVE To determine the source of a Legionella pneumophila serogroup 5 nosocomial outbreak and the role of the heat exchanger installed on the hot water system within the previous year. SETTING A 400-bed tertiary care university hospital in Sherbrooke, Canada. METHODS Hot water samples were collected and cultured for L. pneumophila from 25 taps (baths and sinks) within wing A and 9 taps in w...

Among the Hausa-Fulani women of Zaria, Nigeria, "cold" or "sanyi" is thought to be a common cause of illnesses, and especially edema (swelling) during pregnancy. The traditional treatment for these illnesses is a hot bath. The new mother or mother-to-be sleeps in an overheated room and must take baths in very hot water, called "wankan- jego," to keep out the cold. The birth attendant uses a ...

Flat plate-type solar water distillation (FPSWD) is having importance for providing hot water and drinking water simultaneously to households in rural areas or small community/hotels. It utilizes solar radiation to heat the water, produce fresh water out of the saline or brackish water, and also produce hot water. The paper is focused on field performance of inclined FPSWD for domestic and comm...

MOTIVATION The O-ring theory reveals that the binding hot spot at a protein interface is surrounded by a ring of residues that are energetically less important than the residues in the hot spot. As this ring of residues is served to occlude water molecules from the hot spot, the O-ring theory is also called 'water exclusion' hypothesis. We propose a 'double water exclusion' hypothesis to refine...

The effect of three different temperature ranges on the triggering of voluntary-induced swallowing and on the duration of the pharyngeal phase of oropharyngeal swallowing was studied electrophysiologically. The relationship between volume and temperature of liquids swallowed was also explored. This study included 40 nondisabled volunteers (23 male and 17 female). Laryngeal vertical movements an...

Two patients developed rapidly progressive necrotising fasciitis after being stung by a stonefish. Both were given a hot-water bath for pain relief. The hot water may have accelerated bacterial growth and the consequent development of necrotising fasciitis. Vibrio vulnificus was cultured from one patient. It is recommended that patients should receive high dose of oral and intravenous antibioti...

transpiration of a boreal forest: the branch bag, sap flow and eddy covariance methods. The branch bag method encloses several thousand needles and gives a continuous record of branch transpiration. The sap flow method provides a continuous record of sap velocity and an estimate of tree transpiration. The eddy covariance method typically measures evaporation rates between a forest and the atmos...

The thermal confinement time of a magnetized fusion plasma is essentially determined by turbulent heat conduction across the equilibrium magnetic field. To achieve the study of turbulent thermal diffusivities, Vlasov gyrokinetic description of the magnetically confined plasmas is now commonly adopted, and offers the advantage over fluid models (MHD, gyrofluid) to take into account nonlinear res...

Three independent methods were used to evaluate transpiration of a boreal forest: the branch bag, sap flow and eddy covariance methods. The branch bag method encloses several thousand needles and gives a continuous record of branch transpiration. The sap flow method provides a continuous record of sap velocity and an estimate of tree transpiration. The eddy covariance method typically measures ...

Hot working condition is the integration result among temperature, humidity, velocity of air movement, and hot radiation from the body's workers, which causes the decrease of systol-icblood pressure withits complication (1). The kitchen is a place with hot working condition because there is process of cooking using the instruments producing hot radiation making the space of kitchen to be hot. A...