piezodorus guildinii (hemiptera: pentatomidae) is an important soybean pest, and one of its main natural enemies is telenomus podisi (hymenoptera: platygastridae). rearing of the parasitoid is constrained by the hosts' egg quality, which deteriorates after few generations in laboratory, therefore, cold-stored host eggs utilization could be a useful tool for augmentative biological control. thus...

Density functional theory investigations reveal that a cavitand with an introverted aldehyde group not only provides the host-guest interaction for preorganizing the substrate and stabilizing the hemiaminal intermediate, but also acts as an acid/base catalyst in the subsequent dehydration step in its reaction with a primary amine.

Soil substrate membrane systems allow for microcultivation of fastidious soil bacteria as mixed microbial communities. We isolated established microcolonies from these membranes by using fluorescence viability staining and micromanipulation. This approach facilitated the recovery of diverse, novel isolates, including the recalcitrant bacterium Leifsonia xyli, a plant pathogen that has never bee...

Many Gram-negative bacteria that cause disease in either mammals or plants share a strategy of delivering toxic proteins into the cytoplasm of host cells known as type III secretion. Recent advances have provided a glimpse at the molecular nature of these lethal injection machines. Several groups have reported fibrous structures on bacterial surfaces that appear to be extensions of type III mac...

The results presented demonstrate that microbial pathogens of plants have the ability to secrete proteins which effectively inhibit an enzyme synthesized by the host; an enzyme whose substrate is a constituent of the cell wall of the pathogen. The system in which this was discovered is the anthracnose-causing fungal pathogen (Colletotrichum lindemuthianum) and its host, the French bean (Phaseol...

To efficiently bud off from infected cells, HIV and other enveloped viruses hijack the host cellular machinery that is normally involved in vacuolar protein sorting and multivesicular body (MVB) biogenesis. The HIV Gag protein mimics hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (Hrs), a modular adaptor protein that links membrane cargo recognition to its degradation after delive...

The herpes simplex virus (HSV) virion host shutoff (vhs) protein (UL41 gene product) is a component of the HSV virion tegument that triggers shutoff of host protein synthesis and accelerated mRNA degradation during the early stages of HSV infection. vhs displays weak amino acid sequence similarity to the fen-1 family of nucleases and suffices to induce accelerated RNA turnover through endoribon...

To evade host immune mechanisms, many bacteria secrete immunomodulatory enzymes. Streptococcus pyogenes, one of the most common human pathogens, secretes a large endoglycosidase, EndoS, which removes carbohydrates in a highly specific manner from IgG antibodies. This modification renders antibodies incapable of eliciting host effector functions through either complement or Fc γ receptors, provi...

Distributed fault-tolerant systems usually impose much stronger requirements on the underlying communication protocols than do applications developed without fault-tolerance in mind. That is true, for example, of applications composed of processes replicated on multiple hosts, where all replicas must keep the same view of the state of the communication. This paper describes how the communicatio...

Self-assembled resorcin[4]arene hexamer catalyzes the intramolecular hydroalkoxylation of unsaturated alcohols to the corresponding cyclic ethers under mild conditions. The mode of catalysis and encapsulation-based substrate selectivity of the host efficiently mimic the basic principle of operation observed in enzymes.