Background HLA alleles are associated with differential outcomes of infections/diseases. We hypothesize that epitopes that interact with HLA alleles associated with resistance elicit a protective immune response in the host, and could therefore serve as good vaccine candidates. Among the HLA alleles reported to be associated with resistance to HIV infection/slow progression to AIDS, HLA-A*0201 ...

Host defence against infection requires an integrated response of both the innate and adaptive arms of the immune system. Emerging data indicate that dendritic cells contribute an essential part to the initiation and regulation of adaptive immunity. Dendritic cells guard the sites of pathogen entry to the host and are uniquely suited to detect and capture invading microbes. Upon recognition of ...

Studies by other laboratories have shown that angiotensin II (AII) can affect the function of cells which comprise the immune system. In the present study, the effect of AII on the function of peritoneal macrophages and peripheral blood monocytes was assessed. In vitro exposure (4 h prior to assay) of peritoneal macrophages from mice and rats to AII increased the percentage of cells that phagoc...

TNF is essential to control Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection and cannot be replaced by other proinflammatory cytokines. Overproduction of TNF may cause immunopathology, while defective TNF production results in uncontrolled infection. The critical role of TNF in the control of tuberculosis has been illustrated recently by primary and reactivation of latent infection in some patients under p...

The resistance of mice to encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus was markedly decreased by prior exposure to whole body X-irradiation. In contrast to non-irradiated controls, the course of EMC virus infection in X-irradiated animals was characterized by (a) an enhanced mortality, (b) shortening of the incubation period, (c) higher levels of virus in the blood during the viremic phase and persistence ...

Abstract Infectious diseases and nosocomial infections may play a significant role in healthcare issues associated with biomedical materials devices. Many current polymer employed are inadequate for resisting microbial growth. The increase antibiotic resistance is also factor problematic implants. In this work, the difficulty diagnosing device-related reviewed how leads to an resistance. A conc...

Tuberculosis (TB) continues to be a devastating infectious disease and remerges as a global health emergency due to an alarming rise of antimicrobial resistance to its treatment. Despite of the serious effort that has been applied to develop effective antitubercular chemotherapies, the potential of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) remains underexploited. A large amount of literature is now accessi...

Nanocomposite materials, including noble metal nanoparticles embedded in a dielectric host medium, are interesting because of their optical properties linked to surface plasmon resonance phenomena. For studding of nonlinear optical properties and/or energy transfer process, these materials may be excited by ultrashort pulse laser with a temporal width varying from some femtoseconds to some hund...

rosy apple aphid, dysaphis plantaginea (passerini), with worldwide distribution is an important pest of apple orchards. host plant resistance is an essential component of integrated management of this insect pest. we investigated the resistance of seven apple cultivars, malus domestica (borkhausen), namely granny smith, starkrimson, golden smoothee, red delicious, golden delicious, boshghabi, a...

Leishmania is a protozoan parasite that causes a wide range of different clinical manifestations in mammalian hosts. It is a major public health risk on different continents and represents one of the most important neglected diseases. Due to the high toxicity of the drugs currently used, and in the light of increasing drug resistance, there is a critical need to develop new drugs and vaccines t...