An ionic current model of the retinal horizontal cell is constructed. The horizontal cell models are interconnected by gap junctions to form a horizontal cell layer. The light response properties of the L-type horizontal cell are analyzed using this model. We demonstrate the functional role of each ionic current and the role of the feedback loop between cones and horizontal cells. The present s...

We describe a stochastic birth-and-death model of evolution of horizontally transferred genes in microbial populations. The model is a generalization of the stochastic model described by Berg and Kurland and includes five parameters: the rate of mutational inactivation, selection coefficient, invasion rate (i.e., rate of arrival of a novel sequence from outside of the recipient population), wit...

− This paper presents the recent development of two angle standards used for the calibration of high precision spherical measurement systems. These systems are a family of instruments comprising robotic total stations, and laser trackers. It discusses the Horizontal Circle Comparator and the Vertical Circle Comparator, the way they function and are used, their uncertainty, and results of instru...

A new procedure to determine simultaneously a horizontal descriptor of the surface the autocorrelation width and the most important vertical descriptor the root-mean-square roughness is presented. It is based on the inversion of an analytic contrast formula. After a short introduction to white light random phase contrast measurement we describe the elimination process and show fist experimental...

This paper examines the estimation of the state of an object moving in the horizontal plane using two, two-axis accelerometers and no rate gyro. Second order approximations are developed for estimating the state noise covariance in the inertial reference frame from the known measurement covariance of the sensors. These approximations can be integrated with position and heading measurements into...

In this paper we will present measurement results that demonstrate the different propagation characteristics of the vertical and horizontal polarizations and their crosscorrelation coupling under line-of-sight and non-line-ofsight conditions. We will also present a simplified model for the propagation environment that uses an approach similar to the method of images, and achieves results that m...

Higher-order structure functions have been used to extract atmospheric optical C(n)(2) profiles from a vertical sequence of temperature data collected by a single probe carried by a meteorological balloon. This technique circumvents trends and fluctuations in the atmospheric mean temperature and simplifies the equipment and complexity of measurement collection compared with traditional, horizon...

AIM To determine whether pharmacological mydriasis leads to a significant difference in interobserver agreement of optic disc measurement compared with examination without mydriasis. METHOD A cross sectional study was performed with a pair of observers examining the optic disc of two randomised groups of patients, one group before diagnostic mydriasis, and the other afterwards. Horizontal and...

The benefits and feasibility of platform switching have been discussed in several studies, reporting lesser crestal bone loss in platform-switched implants than in platform-matched implants. Objective. The aim of the present study was to observe the changes in vertical and horizontal marginal bone levels in platform-switched and platform-matched dental implants. Materials and Methods. 51 patien...

CONTEXT Increased contracture of the dominant posterior shoulder in throwing athletes has been associated with the development of altered shoulder rotational motion as well as several shoulder conditions. Clinicians must be able to accurately and reliably measure posterior shoulder contractures during the evaluation of such athletes in order to provide appropriate treatment. OBJECTIVE To eval...