Case-ascertained household transmission studies, in which households including an 'index case' are recruited and followed up, are invaluable to understanding the epidemiology of influenza. We used a simulation approach parameterized with data from household transmission studies to evaluate alternative study designs. We compared studies that relied on self-reported illness in household contacts ...

This paper focuses on productivity growth differentials between manufacturing and services, deindustrialization, and changes in the real exchange rate. Using a Ricardian trade model with a continuum of goods that introduces nontraded services, the paper investigates these interrelationships. The main results are as follows: (i) if deindustrialization proceeds in both home and foreign countries,...

existed electricity grids deliver produced power to the consumer passing through transmission and distribution grids. according to high losses of these grids in transmission level and inexistence of bilateral interaction for simultaneous information exchange, a concept of smart grids were made by capabilities such as consciously participation of consumers in the smart electricity grids, an amou...

The pandemic increased working from home (WFH) across the world. implications of such practice for both organisations and employees are not sufficiently clear. This study examines work-related experiences attitudes trade union members WFH in Malta during first two years compares them to those workers WFH. Data was collected through a mixed-method approach comprising focus groups (11 participant...

This paper addresses the issue of unfair trade practices, investigating drivers differences between farm-gate and free-on-board (FOB) prices in most important Arabica coffee producing countries worldwide: Brazil, Guatemala, Colombia, Honduras, Peru, Ethiopia. Our study looks at those taking into account literature on governance agri-food chains, with a focus each country’s domestic market. We p...

Shutting down the workplace is an effective means of reducing contagion but can induce large economic losses. We harmonize American Time Use Survey and O*NET data to construct a measure infection risk (exposure index) ease with which job be performed remotely (work-from-home across both industries occupations.