To begin, the so-called ‘selectivity of historical judgment’ is discussed. According to it, writing history requires a comparative criterion of historical relevance. This criterion contains philosophical elements. In Kuhn’s case, the criterion directs historical research and presentation away from Whiggish historiography by postulating a hermeneutic reading of historical sources. This postulate...

The physical and chemical conditions in Class 0/I protostars are fundamental unlocking the protostellar accretion process its impact on planet formation. aim is to determine which components traced by different molecules at sub-arcsecond scales (100 - 400 au). We use a suite of Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) datasets Band 6 (1 mm), 5 (1.8 mm) 3 (3 spatial resolutions 0.5 3"...

among the most important and primary sources in historical studies, “documents” have key role in reflecting political, social and cultural existence of their own time. basically, these sources are invaluable for two groups: for ordinary people in terms of informations contained in them for researchers in their research his. by the formation of human communities, primitivman always been in searc...

(1) Historical inaccuracies in our Table 4. Kreuzer argues that 12 of the 90 Yes/No entries in our key historical Table 4 are incorrect. These entries all concern economic institutions. If he were right, the consequent changes would be damaging to our theory as well as to our econometric results. But we believe that our entries are perfectly correct in 11 out of 12 of these cases. To do so we u...

Historical collections of biological specimens are potentially rich sources of data for contemporary researchers. However, many technical issues have to be addressed in order to make these collections widely available. This paper reports on a qualitative study of historical and current data practices at the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia, which is seeking wider understanding of the h...

The non-medical literature and epigraphical and archaeological sources provide, though rarely, valuable information pertaining to history of medicine. Only limited efforts have been made either by the historians or by the scholar-physicians to study the non-medical literature, epigraphical and archaeological sources with a medico-historical view. The scholar-physicians of Ayurveda in India did ...

For more than half a century, ecologists and historians have been integrating the contemporary study of ecosystems with data gathered from historical sources to evaluate change over broad temporal and spatial scales. This approach is especially useful where ecosystems were altered before formal study as a result of natural resources management, land development, environmental pollution, and cli...