after the formation of islamic governement by the prophet mohammad in medina and expansion of islamic territory to the whole arabia peninsula and then to realm of persian and roman empires, the establishment and development of a financial and administrative organization was inevitable. accordeing to historical sources, the heritage of persian administration was entered into islamic organization...

this article strive to examine and explaine national sources of the foreign policy of the islamic republic of iran. cultural, historical, geographic, ideological, social, and economic variables, as societal sources, will lead to the continuation of some behaviours in iran’s foreign policy. the author argues that to better understand iran’s foreign policy, one must pay attention to the above var...

in the background of different sciences, compiling the record of periods is very helpful to better understand and recognize rise and fall of the science. this is also applicable to islamic jurisprudence, which is one branch of islamic sciences. many scholars of jurisprudence science have proposed historical periods for it. but, unfortunately, there has not been recorded any profound research wo...

Islam spread rapidly after its founding, encompassing much of North Africa, the Middle East, and Southeast Asia. The art of this vast region draws its distinctive character both from Islam itself and from the diverse cultural traditions of the world’s Muslims. Because Islam discouraged the use of figurative images, particularly in religious contexts- unlike Christian art- Islamic artists develo...

Abstract The Qajar dynasty was a time of civil wars as well as the wars against Russia, meanwhile, Qajarid Shahs, understanding the power of sublime art both in internal and external political relations, tried to expand and renew the style of the mural decorations which is the issue of this article. Increasing the relations with European countries like England and France, Fath Ali Shah and ...