Background: The current understanding of the venous system in hippocampus is mostly based on histological and autopsy studies.1 However, main disadvantage that it only reveals anatomy vascular at post-mortem stage lacks physiological aspects associated with neuronal metabolism. In vivo characterization using susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI) 7 T could provide valuable information both blood...

Rich episodic experiences are represented in a hierarchical manner across diverse network of brain regions, and as such, the way which episodes forgotten is likely to be similarly diverse. Using novel experimental approaches statistical modelling, recent research has suggested that item-based representations, such ones related colour shape an object, fragment over time, whereas higher-order eve...

Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to record the content of nitric oxide (NO) and copper in brain tissues (frontal lobes hippocampus) liver healthy rats after ischemia modeling. Ischemia simulated by ligation carotid arteries, followed taking 3 ml blood from common artery. Signals triple complexes (DETC) were recorded EPR (DETC)2-Fe2+-NO Cu(DETC)2. Based on direct measu...

This commentary addresses five issues related to the functional role of place cells and the hippocampus. 1. Is the cognitive map located in the hippocampus? Not exclusively. 2. Is the hippocampus required for path integration? Not exclusively. 3. Is the hippocampus involved in selecting the appropriate reference frame? Not exclusively. 4. Are all episodic memories encoded by the hippocampus? No...

background: diabetes mellitus is associated with cognitive deficits in humans and animals. these deficits are paralleled by neurophysiological and structural changes in brain. in diabetic animals, impairments of spatial learning, memory, and cognition occur in association with distinct changes in hippocampus, a key brain area for many forms of learning and memory and are particularly sensitive ...

introduction: kainic acid (ka) induces neuropathological changes in specific regions of the mouse hippocampus comparable to changes seen in patients with chronic temporal lobe epilepsy (tle). according to different studies, the expression of a number of genes are altered in the adult rat hippocampus after status epilepticus (se) induced by ka. this study aimed to quantitatively evaluate changes...

progressive cognitive decline is one of the hallmark symptoms of alzheimer’s disease (ad) which can be modeled by β-amyloid injection into specific regions of brain. since epigallocatechin-3-gallate (egcg) is a potent antioxidant agent which its role against oxidative stress and inflammation has been shown in prior studies, we tried to determine whether egcg administration protects against β-am...

two omega-3 fatty acids including docosahexaenoic acid (dha) and eicosapentaenoic acid (epa) are essential for the physiologic function of neuronal cell membrane. normal function of neuronal cell membrane requires appropriate composition of fatty in its structure. present study was designed to compare the effect of short-term and long-term pretreatment with omega-3 fatty acids on scopolamine-in...

objective(s):this study was carried out to evaluate the effect of maternal morphine exposure during gestational and lactation period on pyramidal neurons of hippocampus in 18 and 32 day mice offspring. materials and methods: thirty female mice were randomly allocated into cases and controls. in case group, animals received morphinesulfate 10 mg/kg.body weight intraperitoneally during 7 days bef...

objective(s) it is well known that prenatal stresses (ps) induce a variety of neurobiological and behavioral alterations, some of them involving the hippocampal formation. this study aimed to determine whether restraint stress influences the neuronal volume and number of granule cells in the hippocampus of adult rat offspring. materials and methods ten wistar pregnant rats were randomly divided...