Background Gait speed represents a functional predictor and an impairment severity index in stroke survivors; gait analysis parameters are descriptors of walking strategies used to compensate for the muscle such as vaulting, circumduction hip hiking. The aim this study was assess if there is relationship between compensatory strategy progression. Methods A sample 30 patients with post-stroke he...

Outdoor recreation has the potential to impact spatial and temporal distribution of animals. We explore interactions between red deer Cervus elaphus hikers along a popular hiking path in Scottish Highlands. placed camera traps transects at different distances (25, 75 150 m) from study whether distance hiker activity influences number detected. compared this with detection an additional, spatial...

Skarin, A. 2006. Reindeer use of alpine summer habitats. Doctoral dissertation. Alpine areas in the Scandinavian mountain region are used for grazing by semi-domesticated reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) during the snow-free season. These areas are also used for outdoor recreation and tourism. In summer the reindeer seek nutritive forage and relief from insect harassment during warm weathe...

Many insects possess a sexual communication system that is vulnerable to chemical espionage by parasitic wasps. We recently discovered that a hitch-hiking (H) egg parasitoid exploits the antiaphrodisiac pheromone benzyl cyanide (BC) of the Large Cabbage White butterfly Pieris brassicae. This pheromone is passed from male butterflies to females during mating to render them less attractive to con...

When a selectively favourable gene substitution occurs in a population, changes in gene frequencies will occur at closely linked loci. In the case of a neutral polymorphism, average heterozygosity will be reduced to an extent which varies with distance from the substituted locus. The aggregate eifect of substitution on neutral polymorphism is estimated; in populations of total size 10 or more (...

Introduction: This study investigated the sport-related ankle injuries attending an accident and emergency (A&E) department during a one-year period. Methods: A total of 1,715 sports injuries cases attending an A&E department from 1 January 2005 to 31 December 2005 were prospectively recorded. Details of each classified case were recorded in a computerized record system by the triage nurse. At ...