N2O emissions from coal fired fluidized-bed combustion are approximately 30–360 mg/Nm, much higher than that from pulverized coal combustion (less than 30 mg/Nm). One approach to reduce the N2O is to reburn the biomass gasification gas in the coal-fired fluidized bed. In this paper, the effects of gasified biomass reburning on the integrated boiler system were investigated by both simulation an...

In direct combustion-thermoelectric energy conversion, direct fuel injection and reciprocation of the air flowing in a solid matrix are combined with the solid-gas interfacial heat transfer and the solid conduction to allow for obtaining superadiabatic temperatures at the hot junctions. While the solid conductivity is necessary, the relatively large thermal conductivity of the available high-te...

The aim was to identify relationships between combustion conditions, particle characteristics, and optical properties of fresh and photochemically processed emissions from biomass combustion. The combustion conditions included nominal and high burn rate operation and individual combustion phases from a conventional wood stove. Low temperature pyrolysis upon fuel addition resulted in "tar-ball" ...

A mathematical model study was carried out to investigate gasification of biomass fuels using high temperature air and steam as a gasifying agent using high-temperature air up to 1000°C. In this study, a 2D computational fluid dynamics model was developed to study the gasification process in an updraft gasifier, considering drying, pyrolysis, combustion, and gasification reactions. The gas and ...

This report describes three 2400-MW(t) reference point designs for the moltencoolant gas cycle (MCGC), based on the current power conversion unit (PCU) designs for the GT-MHR. A very-high-temperature helium cycle with a 900°C turbine inlet temperature achieves a thermodynamic efficiency of 54% and net electric output of 1300 MW(e), while a low-temperature helium cycle with a 600°C turbine inlet...

the dual fuel engines at part loads inevitably suffer from lower thermal efficiency and higher carbon monoxide and unburned fuel emission. this work is carried out to investigate combustion characteristics of a dual fuel (dieselgas) engine at part loads, using a single zone combustion model with detailed chemical kinetics for combustion of natural gas fuel. the authors developed software in whi...

The combustion characteristics of methane/moist air in micro-tube reactors with different numbers and shapes of inner wall protuberances are investigated in this paper. The micro-reactor with one rectangular protuberance (six different sizes) was studied firstly, and it is shown that reactions near the protuberance are mainly controlled by diffusion, which has little effect on the outlet temper...

Diverse sensing techniques have been developed and combined with machine learning method for forest fire detection, but none of them referred to identifying smoldering and flaming combustion phases. This study attempts to real-time identify different combustion phases using a developed wireless sensor network (WSN)-based multi-sensor system and artificial neural network (ANN). Sensors (CO, CO₂,...

This article discusses the existing calculation of heat for a coal-fired hot-blast furnace. By utilizing the standard method of heat calculation for boilers, considering the relation between the theoretical combustion temperature and the excess air coefficient of the boiler, combining some operational parameters of a coal-fired powder hot-blast furnace, the heat calculation of iron ore concentr...

A high pressure combined air-fuel injection system is designed and tested for an experimental free liquid-piston engine compressor. The application discussed utilizes available high pressure air from the compressor’s reservoir, and high pressure fuel to mix and then inject into a combustion chamber. This paper addresses the modeling, design and control for this particular high-pressure air-fuel...