background the non-revenue water refers to a difference between the volume of water entering the system and billed authorized consumption. objectives the main purpose of this study is to determine the volume of non-revenue water in order to recognize the factors influencing water losses so that the information gathered can used in non-revenue water reduction management. materials and methods ka...

We present a novel systolic processor that implements the least-recently-used (LRU) policy for multi-level storage systems. The design is developed by successively reening a high-level description of the algorithm. The eeect of varying the degree of pipelining on performance is discussed. We also show how the design methodology used for the LRU processor can be applied to the development of oth...

High Level Synthesis for Packet Processing Pipelines

This paper (SPE 134140) was accepted for presentation at the SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition, Florence, Italy, 19–22 September 2010, and revised for publication. Original manuscript received 1 June 2010. Revised manuscript received 20 October 2010. Paper peer approved 8 November 2010. Summary The second-largest oil spillage in Norwegian petroleum history occurred on 12 December 2...

Based on the CFD numerical simulation method, this paper established a pipeline model to study internal flow characteristics of three different combinations hot water systems and thus obtained field information such as pressure, rate, rate inside pipeline. The results showed that smoother transition, smaller velocity uniformity coefficient; higher field, pressure fluctuations, resulting vibrati...

The fundamental equations which describe the flow through gas and liquid pipelines are formally identical. However, the wide gap between the compressibility ranges of gases and liquids leads to quite different transport characteristics for both kinds of media. While for oil pipelines and pump stations specific topics like batch operation, surges, and possible slack line scenarios have to be con...

A capsule pipeline transports material or cargo in capsules propelled by fluid flowing through a pipeline. The cargo may either be contained in capsules (such as wheat enclosed inside sealed cylindrical containers), or may itself be the capsules (such as coal compressed into the shape of a cylinder or sphere). As the concept of capsule transportation is relatively new, the capsule pipelines nee...