From the Italian Society of Pediatrics (SIP); Institute of Pediatrics, Catholic University Medical School, Rome, Italy; European Paediatric Association-Union of National European Paediatric Societies and Associations (EPA-UNEPSA), Berlin, Germany; Institute of Pediatrics, University of Palermo, Italy; Campus Bio-Medico University Medical School; Italian Federation of Pediatricians (FIMP), Rome;...

BACKGROUND Among developed nations, the United States has the highest rate of civilian gun ownership, and the highest homicide rate. We examine whether the United States is merely an exception, or if a relationship between gun availability and homicide exists across all developed nations. METHODS Homicide rates for the early 1990s come from 26 of 27 of the highly industrialized or high-income...

Background                                               Pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common, yet curable childhood malignancy within the pediatric cancers; but in most developed and developing countries cost of cancer treatment in children with ALL is high. So, we specified the range of expenses for the treatment of pediatric cancer and compared the results in devel...

BACKGROUND Adolescent girls aged 15-19 bear a disproportionate burden of negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes in low- and middle-income countries. Research from several high-income countries suggests that early age at menarche is an important determinant of sexual and reproductive health. We conducted this systematic review to better understand whether and how early menarche is asso...

Medication is known as the main and the most effective factor in improving public health. On the other hand, having a strong and effective pharmaceutical industry will, to a very large extent, guarantee people's health. Therefore, this study was prospected to review the different pharmaceutical industries around the world and propose a model for the context of Iran. This is a qualitative as wel...

Medication is known as the main and the most effective factor in improving public health. On the other hand, having a strong and effective pharmaceutical industry will, to a very large extent, guarantee people's health. Therefore, this study was prospected to review the different pharmaceutical industries around the world and propose a model for the context of Iran. This is a qualitative as wel...

Thombs and colleagues have shown that screening consecutive attendees in primary care settings in high income countries for depression is not worthwhile. However, it is dangerous to generalize from high income countries such as the USA to the rest of the world. The positive predictive value of any screening test for depression is affected by the prevalence of the disorder in the population bein...

Immune thrombocytopenia is a benign and self-limiting disorder. Data about the condition and its incidence from low-income countries is limited. This paper reviews the research about immune thrombocytopenia, comparing low- and high-income countries. Diagnosis is usually based on complete blood count and peripheral smear and, in selected cases, bone marrow aspiration. The disease has a high remi...