Optical proximity correction (OPC) methods are resolution enhancement techniques (RET) used extensively in the semiconductor industry to improve the resolution and pattern fidelity of optical lithography. In pixel-based OPC (PBOPC), the mask is divided into small pixels, each of which is modified during the optimization process. Two critical issues in PBOPC are the required computational comple...

The title mol-ecule, C19H22N6O2S2, has crystallographically imposed C 2 symmetry, with the central C atom lying on the rotation axis. The O-C-C-C torsion angle for the central chain is -59.22 (16)° and the dihedral angle between the planes of the benzene rings is 75.20 (7)°. In the crystal, N-H⋯O and N-H⋯S inter-actions link the mol-ecules, forming a three-dimensional network encompassing chann...

Using hexagonal grids to represent digital images have been studied for more than 40 years. Increased processing capabilities of graphic devices and recent improvements in CCD technology have made hexagonal sampling attractive for practical applications and brought new interests on this topic. The hexagonal structure is considered to be preferable to the rectangular structure due to its higher ...

The purpose of reform is to reduce distortions in the economic system and enhance efficiency. However, along with incremental partial reforms, local governments or individuals often have the chance to capture the rent inherent in the gradual transition process. Young (2000) warned that this rent-seeking behavior might lead to increasing market fragmentation. Empirical studies have shown the opp...