Growing of bacteria goes along with the insertion of peptidoglycan strands inside the cell wall. Enzymes catalyzing the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan are the targets of various antibiotics like penicillin. Inhibition of peptidoglycan biosynthesis leads to lysis of bacterial cells. However, bacteria have developed resistance mechanisms. Many research groups are still studying the different mecha...

Nanosilica periodic acid (nano-SPIA) is found to be a new, powerful, and reusable heterogeneous catalyst for the rapid synthesis of 2-naphtholazo dyes via diazotization of aromatic amines and followsazo coupling with 2-naphthol under solvent-free conditions at room temperature by grinding. Eco-friendly, heterogeneous reaction conditions, high stability of diazonium salt, simple experimental pro...

Solid acid catalysts are becoming of great importance within the chemical industry and their acidity is of great interest, as this determines their application, plus many of their catalytic properties can also be directly related with their acidity. There has been a drive towards heterogeneous solid acid catalysts because of the environmental concerns with safe handling and disposal of mineral ...

Mild fractionation/pretreatment processes are becoming the most preferred choices for biomass processing within the biorefinery framework. To further explore their advantages, new developments are needed, especially to increase the extent of the hydrolysis of poly- and oligosaccharides. A possible way forward is the use of solid acid catalysts that may overcome many current drawbacks of other c...

In this research, the chemical recycling of terephthalic acid from PET waste by using nano Fe3O4@Py-APTS as solid support was reported. The performance of organically modified nano magnetic was examined in detail and the results were compared with unsupported reactions as the model. By using the solid support, the required time for complete glycolysis, consumption of solvent and catalyst, decre...

Acid catalysis is widely used in the chemical industry, and nowadays many efforts are being focused on replacing more common homogeneous catalysts with heterogeneous ones order to make greener industrial processes. In this perspective, sulfonic solid acid materials represent a valid alternative homogenous mineral several catalyzed reactions. minireview, an overview of recent advances preparatio...

Silica sulfuric acid is employed as solid acid catalyst for the clean and less hazardousprotection of carbonyl compounds as 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone under solvent-free conditions.

As the main component of lignocelluloses, cellulose is a biopolymer consisting of many glucose units connected through β-1,4-glycosidic bonds. Breakage of the β-1,4-glycosidic bonds by acids leads to the hydrolysis of cellulose polymers, resulting in the sugar molecule glucose or oligosaccharides. Mineral acids, such as HCl and H2SO4, have been used in the hydrolysis of cellulose. However, they...