Transient processes of Ge/Si hetero-nanocrystal floating gate memories are simulated numerically. Compared with Si nanocrystal memories, Ge/Si hetero-nanocrystal memories show similar writing and erasing efficiency with a weaker writing saturation and markedly improved retention characteristics. 2006 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. PACS: 72.20.Jv; 73.21.La; 73.90.+f; 74.50.+r

The evolutionary transition from homo-oligomerism to hetero-oligomerism in multimeric proteins and its contribution to function innovation and organism complexity remain to be investigated. Here, we undertake the challenge of contributing to this theoretical ground by investigating the hetero-oligomerism in the molecular chaperonin cytosolic chaperonin containing tailless complex polypeptide 1 ...

Plants optimise their resistance to herbivores by regulating deterrent responses on demand. Induction of anti-herbivory defences can occur directly in grazed plants or from emission of risk cues to the environment, which modifies interactions of adjacent plants with, for instance, their consumers. This study confirmed the induction of anti-herbivory responses by water-borne risk cues between ad...

The conversion of a substituted dioxinone to a pyrone was used in an improved synthesis of the AB spiroketal subunit of the spongistatins. This transformation occurred via a hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of an acyl ketene with butyl vinyl ether. A double diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction is used to provide the hetero-Diels-Alder precursor.

Biaxially-textured epitaxial thin-film hetero-structures of ceria and 8 mol% yttria-stabilized zirconia (8YSZ) were grown using Pulsed Laser Deposition (PLD) with the aim to unravel the effect of the interfacial conductivity on the charge transport properties. Five different samples were fabricated keeping the total thickness constant (300 nm) but with a different number of hetero-interfaces (b...

A general catalytic oxo-hetero-Diels-Alder reaction for pro-chiral aldehyde and ketone N-oxy-pyridines is presented. The catalytic and asymmetric oxo-hetero-Diels-Alder reaction of electron-rich dienes with N-oxy-pyridine-2-carbaldehyde and ketone derivatives, catalyzed by chiral copper(II)-bisoxazoline complexes, gives optically active six-membered oxygen heterocycles in moderate to good yield...

There is an increasing interest among professionals in laboratory medicine to achieve global harmonization , and that needs to go beyond the analytical phase and must include all steps within the total testing process, as well as terminology and units (1). The generation and application of data on biological variation (BV) have been studied for many years (2, 3). Unfortunately , the range of te...

Bright and photostable fluorescent dyes with large Stokes shifts are widely used as sensors, molecular probes, and light-emitting markers in chemistry, life sciences, and optical microscopy. In this study, new 7-dialkylamino-4-trifluoromethylcoumarins have been designed for use in bioconjugation reactions and optical microscopy. Their synthesis was based on the Stille reaction of 3-chloro-4-tri...

The tight correlation between the clinical potency and the D2R blocking action of antipsychotic medications suggests that dopamine hyperactivity plays a significant role in psychosis. Clozapine, one of the most effective antipsychotic drugs, has been shown to display moderate affinity for various neurotransmitter receptors, including the dopamine D1 and D2 receptors; however, the exact mechanis...

Clinical application of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) in autologous settings has just begun. To overcome the high time and cost barriers in the individual production of autologous iPS, the use of allogeneic iPS with a homozygous human leukocyte antigen (HLA) haplotype (HLA-homo HP) has been proposed. Cord blood transplantation (CBT) is a suitable model for evaluating the allogeneic immun...