The unexpected pandemic eruption in March 2020, the European efforts to diminish gas house emissions, prolonged drought, higher inflation and war Ukraine clearly have had a strong impact on electricity price. In this paper, we analyze prices Romanian Day-Ahead Market (DAM) along with other variables (inflation, consumption traded volume of DAM) over last three half years an attempt understand i...

This article aimed to test the general hypothesis that guidelines create uniformity, or reduce variation, in medical practice. Medical practice variation has policy interest and is one of the reasons for developing guidelines. The development and implementation of guidelines was considered in the broader context of processes of rationalization. We focused on the influence of voluntary guideline...

The last few years have witnessed a rapid development in digital finance that may threaten the manner which traditional financial services are being used. It opens up new opportunities for low-income groups and small businesses limited or no access to formal services. Thus, inclusion plays vital role boosting country’s inclusion, fulfilling some sustainable goals achieving higher economic growt...

AIM To characterize the patterns of competition for a sample of drugs in the Portuguese pharmaceutical market before (January 2002-March 2003) and after (April 2003-June 2003) the introduction of the reference pricing system (RPS). METHODS We performed a descriptive, retrospective, longitudinal analysis, with monthly observations from January 2002 until June 2003 of 15 homogeneous groups. The...

BACKGROUND Managed competition was introduced into the health care system in several countries including the Netherlands, although effects of competition of both providers and health insurers on the price of health care are inconclusive. We investigated the association between competition of both providers (care groups) and health insurers and the price of disease management programmes (DMPs). ...

Prisms are one of the oldest tools ophthal­ mologists use to examine misaligned eyes. The prism bends light rays but does not focus them and lets the doctor measure, in mil­ limeters, the deviation between two eyes. In trying to get a read on how regulators will examine the alignment of the Anthem–Cigna and Aetna–Humana mega­mergers, antitrust attorney Matthew Cantor found his prism in, of all ...

In this paper we study a behavioral model of conflict that provides a basis for choosing certain indices of dispersion as indicators for conflict. We show that a suitable monotone transform of the equilibrium level of conflict can be proxied by a linear function of the Gini coefficient, the Herfindahl-Hirschman fractionalization index, and a specific measure of polarization due to Esteban and R...

The quality of the products financial services market is largely determined by competition level between its main subjects, which formed under influence many factors a macroeconomic and global nature. Assessing competitive environment participants in banking seem to be quite relevant. Russian system at stage ongoing structural institutional reformation, reflected quantitative narrowing, statist...

The aim of the paper is to assess regional disparities within Slovak Republic with focus on market concentration that used determine competitiveness market. Following main research structure Slovakia in light selected socio-economic indicators was examined. most relevant indicator terms carried out GDP/capita, appropriate development region. step presents Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), a mea...

Purpose While existing research explores the impact of audit market competition on fees and quality, there is limited investigation into how in influences auditors' writing style. This study examines relationship between readability reports Iran, where particularly intense, especially among private firms. Design/methodology/approach The sample comprises 1,050 firm-year observations Iran from 20...