Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) with multichannel instruments and grids of source-detector pairs can map regional change in oxygenation/hemodynamics. Developed for cortical brain mapping, fNIRS technology has relevance in other organs where pathology affects the microcirculation. We describe fNIRS of the human bladder for evaluation of hemodynamic change during voiding. A 5x5-cm g...

Methods The BENEFiT (Bosentan Effects in iNopErable Forms of chronIc Thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension) study was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study in CTEPH including patients with either inoperable CTEPH or persistent/recurrent pulmonary hypertension after PEA ( 6 months after PEA). Independent coprimary end points were change in PVR as a percentage of baseline and chang...

Objective(s):The present study investigated the effect of long-term mild cerebral hypoperfusion induced by permanent unilateral (right) common carotid artery occlusion (UCO) on the dorsal hippocampal neurons in rats. Materials and Methods:Sixty four male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 4 months were divided into two groups of sham and UCO. These two groups were further divided into 4 sets of histopath...

hemodynamic monitoring is needed in up to 58% of patients presented to the emergency department. central venous pressure (cvp) monitoring is generally useful to assess general volume status. there are several methods of cvp measurement, which can be categorized as invasive and non-invasive. cvp manometer and electronic transducer are among the invasive methods and direct observation, ultrasonog...

both midazolam and thiopental sodium are being used as induction agents and for maintenance of anesthesia. in contrast to other benzodiazepines such as diazepam, midazolam has a rapid onset of action and fast distribution and causes few cardiovascular or respiratory effects. being water soluble, midazolam is also associated with a low incidence of venous irritation. the purpose of this study wa...

Although resting hemodynamic load has been extensively investigated as a determinant of left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy, little is known about the relationship between provoked hemodynamic load and the risk of LV hypertrophy. We studied central pressure-flow relations among 40 hypertensive and 19 normotensive adults using carotid applanation tonometry and Doppler echocardiography at rest and ...

BACKGROUND Hemodynamic insults at arterial bifurcations are believed to play a critical role in initiating intracranial aneurysms. Recent studies in a rabbit model indicate that aneurysmal damage initiates under specific wall shear stress conditions when smooth muscle cells (SMCs) become pro-inflammatory and produce matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). The mechanisms leading to SMC activation and ...

BACKGROUND Electrical Cardiometry(™) (EC) estimates cardiac parameters by measuring changes in thoracic electrical bioimpedance during the cardiac cycle. The ICON(®), using four electrocardiogram electrodes (EKG), estimates the maximum rate of change of impedance to peak aortic blood acceleration (based on the premise that red blood cells change from random orientation during diastole (high imp...

BACKGROUND Poststroke vascular cognitive impairment is highly prevalent with significant functional consequences. However, reliable biomarkers for early prediction of cognitive decline after acute ischemic stroke (AIS) are not well established. Although parenchymal imaging in patients with AIS and transient ischemic attack (TIA) may predict the resultant cognitive impairment, it may not explain...

Acetazolamide, a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor, is used orally in the treatment of primary and secondary open-angle glaucoma and induces ocular and cerebral vasodilation. Several in vitro studies have shown that carbonic anhydrase pharmacology and thel-arginine-nitric oxide (NO) pathway are closely related. We investigated the role of NO in acetazolamide-induced vasodilation on cerebral and ocul...