MGD1 (Mytilus galloprovincialis defensin 1), a new member of the arthropod defensin family, is a 4 kDa antibacterial peptide previously isolated from the plasma of Mediterranean mussels. We report here the presence of MGD1 in the organelle-rich fraction of hemocytes and the cDNA sequence corresponding to MGD1 and one new isoform mRNA: MGD2. Sequence analysis indicated that MGDs are synthesised ...

Drosophila larval hematopoietic organs produce circulating hemocytes that ensure the cellular host defense by recognizing and neutralizing non-self or noxious objects through phagocytosis or encapsulation and melanization. Hematopoietic lineage specification as well as blood cell proliferation and differentiation are tightly controlled. Mutations in genes that regulate lymph gland cell prolifer...

The sub-cellular and humoral concentrations of a collectin-like protein from the solitary tunicate, Styela plicata, were measured after in vivo challenge with the inflammatory agent, zymosan. Tunicates were injected with zymosan before hemocytes and serum were harvested, subjected to western blotting and immunostained with an anti-S. plicata collectin antibody to determine the relative titers o...

Pesticides are frequently detected in estuaries among the pollutants found in estuarine and coastal areas and may have major ecological consequences. They could endanger organism growth, reproduction, or survival. In the context of high-mortality outbreaks affecting Pacific oysters, Crassostrea gigas, in France since 2008, it appears of importance to determine the putative effects of pesticides...

Studies concerning the role of the immune system in mediating molecular signaling between beneficial bacteria and their hosts have, in recent years, made significant contributions to our understanding of the co-evolution of eukaryotes with their microbiota. The symbiotic association between the Hawaiian bobtail squid, Euprymna scolopes and the bioluminescent bacterium Vibrio fischeri has been u...

Salinity stress is an emerging key factor affecting aquatic animals in coastal waters. In bivalves, physiological responses to anisosmotic conditions are frequently associated with excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) formation, lipid peroxidation processes and alterations of the antioxidant enzyme activity tissues. this study, we investigated whether short-time exposure high (20-40 ‰) or lo...

Without adaptive immunity, invertebrates have evolved innate immune systems that react to antigens on the surfaces of pathogens. These defense mechanisms are included in horseshoe crab hemocytes’ cellular responses Secretory granules, large (L) and small (S), found hemocytes. Once invasion pathogens is present, these granules release their contents through exocytosis. Recent data biochemistry i...

For the first time haematological studies on freshwater crab P. masoniana (Henderson) has been carried out in Jammu, India. The aim of studies were to determine various type of hemocytes, their total and differential count as well. Based on morphological studies of hemocytes under microscope three types of haemocytes were identified viz., Hyalinocytes (H), Semigranulocytes (SG) and Granulocytes...

The excessive and indiscriminate uses of synthetic insecticides usually lead to many problems human health, environment economics. Therefore, it is a prerequisite search for safe alternatives among which plant extracts products represent effective materials pest control. main goal the present article was searching new control insect pests via disruptive effects these on haemogram immune paramet...