A novel three-dimensional numerical model of the foot, incorporating, for the first time in the literature, realistic geometric and material properties of both skeletal and soft tissue components of the foot, was developed for biomechanical analysis of its structural behavior during gait. A system of experimental methods, integrating the optical Contact Pressure Display (CPD) method for plantar...

The gait pattern in 10 patients with cerebellar degenerations was studied and the results were compared with 10 matched normal subjects, seeking the principal patterns in this disorder. Gait at natural speed was studied in a biomechanics laboratory using a video-based kinematic data acquisition system for measuring body movements. Patients showed a reduced step and stride length with a trend to...

Research on foot orthotics is primarily restricted to their effect on the lower limb during running. Research is limited, however, on the potential of foot orthotics to control the mechanics of the foot during walking. The purpose of this study was to examine the interactive effect of foot orthotics and two walking speeds on the angular changes at the rearfoot, ankle, and knee, and temporal eve...

Real-time detection of multiple stance events, more specifically initial contact (IC), foot flat (FF), heel off (HO), and toe off (TO), could greatly benefit neurorobotic (NR) and neuroprosthetic (NP) control. Three real-time threshold-based algorithms have been developed, detecting the aforementioned events based on kinematic data in combination with a biomechanical model. Data from seven subj...

In this theoretical study, the effect of various types of bypass graft angles on the flow field, has been investigated specially on the temporal Wall Shear Stress (WSS) on the toe, heel and some locations on the bed of the Left Anterior Descending (LAD) artery at the anastomoses areas in the Aorto-Coronary (AC) and Coronary-Coronary (CC) bypasses. Flow fields in both bypasses with angles of...

Lower-extremity movement in bipedal walking is characterized by a foot-rolling motion that includes heel-strike and toe-off. We investigated the dynamical influence of this movement on walking stability using a simple walking model that has a circular arc at the end of each leg. The leg is driven by a rhythmic signal from an internal oscillator to generate walking. We focused on stability chara...

The design of a knee joint is a key issue in robotics and biomechanics to improve the compatibility between prosthesis and human movements, and to improve the bipedal robot performances. We propose a novel design for the knee joint of a planar bipedal robot, based on a four-bar linkage. The dynamic model of the planar bipedal robot is calculated. Two kinds of cyclic walking gaits are considered...

To our knowledge, no one has explored the effect of modifications in balance recovery instructions on the kinetics of the threshold of balance recovery. In particular, the effect of instructions limiting the number of steps on joint torques at the maximum lean angle has not been quantified. We determined the joint torques at the ankle, knee and hip of 28 younger adults recovering balance at the...

This study aimed to investigate the difference in gait regulation strategy of pole vault approach runs between successful and failed trials. Five male junior pole vaulters completed full vaulting to 90%-95% personal best height. These trials were categorized into successful and failed trials. Step length and the distance from toe to the planting box were obtained using a two dimensional direct ...

Locomotion relies on vision, somatosensory input, and vestibular information. Both vision and somatosensory signals have been shown to be phase dependently modulated during locomotion; however, the regulation of vestibular information has not been investigated in humans. By delivering galvanic vestibular stimulation (GVS) to subjects at either heel contact, mid-stance, or toe-off, it was possib...