This paper is a response to Røpke’s (1994) question whether environmental taxes increase or decrease the volume of international trade. Using a three-country Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson model, it is shown that the effect can be in either direction. In the absence of pollution haven and three-country effects that reverse natural comparative advantage, environmental taxes decrease (increase) the vo...

Motivated by the non-linear and S-shaped pattern between trade liberalization and capital inflow observed in cross country data, this paper offers a new perspective in understanding the relation between these two. The static model nests Melitz style heterogenous firms with endogenous mark-up within a classical Heckscher-Ohlin style comparative advantage frame work. In this integrated model trad...

Perdangangan internasional sangat mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ekonomi suatu negara. Salah satu indikator adalah dengan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). PDB merupakan kesejahteraan perekonomian di negara dan dapat menjadi rujukan untuk mengukur masyarakat yang diukur tingkat pendapatan (income). Maka semakin meningkat ekspor negara, akan pula. Metode Penelitian digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunaka...

We show a range of complexity results for the Ricardo and Heckscher-Ohlin models of international trade (as Arrow-Debreu production markets). For both models, we show three types of results: 1. When utility functions are Leontief and production functions are linear, it is NP-hard to decide if a market has an equilibrium. 2. When utility functions and production functions are linear, equilibria ...

Since changes in trade openness are typically confounded with other factors, it has been difficult to identify the labor market consequences of increased international trade. The advent of the United States Interstate Highway System provides a unique policy experiment, which I use to identify the effect of reducing trade barriers on the relative demand for skilled labor. The Interstate Highway ...

A core prediction of the Heckscher-Ohlin theory is that countries specialize in goods in which they have a comparative advantage, and that the source of comparative advantage is differences in relative factor supplies. To examine this theory, we use the most extensive dataset available and document the pattern of industrial specialization and factor endowment differences in a broad sample of ri...

The Heckscher-Ohlin-Vanek Theorem has been used to predict the factor contents of trade under the ideal assumption that factor prices are equalized. Available empirical studies have shown that the measured contents of factor trade significantly differ from the predicted factor contents of trade. This paper employs a more general definition of factor abundance in the presence of factor price dis...

Traditional neoclassical models of comparative advantage suggest that, all else equal, a country with idiosyncratically strong demand for a good will be an importer of that good. However, there is a contrary tradition that emphasizes the advantages of a large home market as a foundation for exports of a good. One recent formalization of this home market approach falls within what is termed the ...

Why is investment in human and physical capital in Latin America lower than in the faster growing economies of East Asia? Is this phenomenon and Latin America’s generally higher income inequality an important consequence of the input requirements and price variability of the regions’ products. To help answer these questions, this paper explores a Heckscher-Ohlin linear program incorporating rea...