A simple stochastic model is designed and analyzed in order to further understand the transition to strong convection. The transition has been characterized recently in observational data by an array of statistical measures, including (i) a sharp transition in mean precipitation, and a peak in precipitation variance, at a critical value of column water vapor (CWV), (ii) approximate power-law in...

In this work, the precipitation and re-dissolution of asphaltenes were studied for an Iranian relatively heavy crude oil. A series of experiments were designed and carried out to quantitatively examine the reversibility of asphaltenes precipitation upon the change in the solvent concentration along with the temperature. n-Heptane was used as the precipitant, and a temperature range of 30 to...

Soil is one of the most important carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) pools and plays a crucial role in ecosystem C and N cycling. Climate change profoundly affects soil C and N storage via changing C and N inputs and outputs. However, the influences of climate warming and changing precipitation regime on labile and recalcitrant fractions of soil organic C and N remain unclear. Here, we investigated so...

BACKGROUND The River Göta Älv is a source of fresh-water for the City of Gothenburg (Sweden). We recently identified a clear association between upstream precipitation and indicator bacteria concentrations in the river water outside the intake to the drinking water utility. This study aimed to determine if variation in the incidence of acute gastrointestinal illnesses is associated with upstrea...

The Mesoscale Alpine Programme (MAP) was conducted over the European Alps in September-November 1999. During autumn, heavy rains and floods can occur when baroclinic troughs move over the region, and moist air flows from the Mediterranean Sea toward the southern Alps. Dual-polarimetric Doppler and vertically pointing radar data collected during MAP on the Mediterranean side of the Alps provided...

Highly resolved precipitation forecasts are necessary in many applications, especially in mountain meteorology and flash flood forecasts for smallto medium-sized alpine watersheds. Here we present precipitation forecasts simulated by the limited area model ALADIN applying different grid resolutions (1x = 10 km and 4 km). Target area of the investigations is the Alpine Ticino-Verzasca-Maggia wat...

Daily precipitation is recorded as the total amount of water collected by a rain-gauge in 24 h. Events are modelled as a Poisson process and the 24 h precipitation by a Generalised Pareto Distribution (GPD) of excesses. Hazard assessment is complete when estimates of the Poisson rate and the distribution parameters, together with a measure of their uncertainty, are obtained. The shape parameter...