Quaternary tungstate glasses containing K2O, Na2O and B2O3 have been prepared by melt quench technique and studied by IR and Raman spectroscopy. Raman and infrared spectroscopy have been employed to investigate the (30−x)Na2O–xK2O–10WO3–60B2O 3 glasses in order to obtain information about the competitive role of WO3 and B2O3 in the formation of glass network. IR spectral study reveals the exist...

Glasses with high elastic moduli have been in demand for many years because the thickness of such glasses can be reduced while maintaining its strength. Moreover, thinner and lighter glasses are desired for the fabrication of windows in buildings and cars, cover glasses for smart-phones and substrates in Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) displays. In this work, we report a 54Al2O3-46Ta2O5 glass fabric...

Introduction: Heavy metal pollution is one of the most serious environmental issues globally.In this research we were studied the heavy metal concentrations in sediment and fish in Persian gulf. Materials & Methods For determination of heavy metal concentrations in sediments 8 sampling stations were selected to measure Cd, Zn, Ni, Pb and Fe in the sediments and in the muscle tiss...

aluminum is very sensitive to oxidation reactions. if a fresh surface of melt is exposed to air, it oxidizes quickly and an oxide layer covers the melt surface. new oxide films formed in a very short time during casting are thin and folded. the metal surface can be folded and create a double-oxide film as a result of the melt turbulence. the entrance of this double-oxide film into the melt is o...

The energetic χ-criterion is developed to parameterize difference in the origin of high-order optical non-linearity associated with metallic atoms (Cu, Ag, Au) embedded destructively in oxide- and chalcogenide glasses. Within this approach, it is unambiguously proved that covalent-bonded networks of soft semiconductor chalcogenides exemplified by binary As(Ge)-S(Se) glasses differ essentially f...

Effect of sublethal heavy metal stress as plant biotic elicitor for triggering innate immunity in tomato plant was investigated. Copper in in vivo condition induced accumulation of defense enzymes like peroxidase (PO), polyphenol oxidase (PPO), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), and β-1,3 glucanase along with higher accumulation of total phenol, antioxidative enzymes (catalase and ascorbate per...