We investigated Legionella and Pseudomonas contamination of hot water in a cross-sectional multicentric survey in Italy. Chemical parameters (hardness, free chlorine, and trace elements) were determined. Legionella spp. were detected in 33 (22.6%) and Pseudomonas spp. in 56 (38.4%) of 146 samples. Some factors associated with Legionella contamination were heater type, tank distance and capacity...

A new open-loop heat flux control technique has been developed to conduct transient thermal testing of thick, thermallyconductive aerospace structures. This technique uses calibration of the radiant heater system power level as a function of heat flux, predicted aerodynamic heat flux, and the properties of an instrumented test article. An iterative process was used to generate open-loop heater ...

One hundred and twenty patients presenting with major peptic ulcer haemorrhage were randomised in a clinical trial comparing endoscopic injection and heater probe therapy. The two groups were well matched with regards to age, admission haemoglobin concentration, the presence of shock, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug usage and endoscopic findings. Permanent haemostasis was achieved in 87% o...

We demonstrate that signals at 28.5 kHz emitted from the Naval (NAU) transmitter in Puerto Rico e ectively couple into ionospheric ducts, induced/enhanced by the Arecibo HF heater, and propagate into the conjugate hemisphere as ducted whistlers. Also presented are suspected radar detections of whistler-triggered electron precipitation events. NAU-generated whistlers have intensities su cient to...

In order to generate homogeneous high temperatures at high pressures, a ring-shaped graphite heater has been developed to resistively heat diamond-anvil cell (DAC) samples up to 1300 K. By putting the heater in direct contact with the diamond anvils, this graphite heater design features the following advantages: (1) efficient heating: sample can be heated to 1300 K while the DAC body temperatur...

Nowadays heat pump water heater becomes a very hot topic in hot water industry. However it still has many problems such as higher condensing temperature, large-scale operation conditions and lower COP in cold regions. Based on these problems, the paper presents a prototype assembled with a two-stage rotary compressor which can be used in cold regions. The working principle and the basic feature...

We propose a right triangular prism-shaped microdevice with serpentine microchannels fabricated on its slanted plane, and apply the device for on-chip flow-through PCR employing a single heater. The inclined nature of the qiandu-shaped microdevice enables the formation of a surface temperature gradient along the slanted plane of the microchannel by the use of a single heater. A 409 bp lung canc...

Measurements of space and time resolved subcooled pool boiling of FC-72 in low, earth, and high gravity environments were made using a microscale heater array. Data from each heater in the array were synchronized with highspeed digital video. The boiling behavior was dominated by the formation of a large primary bubble on the surface which acted as a ‘‘sink’’ for many smaller bubbles surroundin...