The heat inactivation of Lactococcus lactis was studied by determination of cell counts, and by FT-IR spectroscopy recording the average structure of cell proteins. Cell counts were measured after incubation milk buffer or milk buffer with 1. 5 M sucrose, and FT-IR spectra were recorded in (2)H(2)O or (2)H(2)O with 1. 5 M sucrose in the range of 6-75 degrees Celsius. Sucrose protected L. lactis...

Heat exchangers are widely used in power engineering and industrial applications, many techniques such as coiled tube, surface tension devices, rough surfaces, extended surfaces have been investigated to enhancethermal performance and to minimize the cost and size of the heat exchanger equipment. One of the most important techniques is tube insert. In general,tube inserts can be classified into...

The variability of cross-shore thermally driven exchange was examined using ensemble-averages of observations from the Kilo Nalu Observatory on the south shore of Oahu Hawaii. The crossshore vertical shear, δVz, top-bottom temperature difference, ∆Tz, and cross-shore advective heat flux, Qex, were analyzed to evaluate the influence of the surface heat flux, the cross-shore wind and the M2 tide ...

Sources and sinks of heat in the canopy of a dense corn crop (LAI∼5) were inferred through an inverse Lagrangian dispersion analysis. Input data were the profiles of air temperature and turbulence above and within the canopy. The analysis was verified in part by comparing its predictions of the net exchanges of sensible heat between canopy and air with direct measurements of the sensible heat f...

In this article, stream flow effectivness is based on hydraulic network studied in the shell-side of a shell and tube heat exchange as a case study. For an appropriate heat exchangers rating design to meet a specified duty, it's better to consider each stream flow separately. Using the hydraulic network principals, a set of the correlations for calculating different stream flow rates in the cro...

During the conduct of certain studies upon the regulation of energy exchange, two hypotheses have been adopted for testing by experiment. The first of these, viz., that the processes of energy exchange are integrated and regulated by the hypothalamus, has been presented elsewhere, together with data with which it appears to be in agreement.4' 5 The second hypothesis is related to the first, and...

Magnetocaloric refrigeration is an alternative refrigeration technology with significant potential energy savings compared to conventional vapor compression refrigeration technology. Most of the reported active magnetic regenerator (AMR) systems that operate based on the magnetocaloric effect use heat transfer fluid to exchange heat, which results in complicated mechanical subsystems and compon...

Bag3, a nucleotide exchange factor of the heat shock protein Hsp70, has been implicated in cell signaling. Here, we report that Bag3 interacts with the SH3 domain of Src, thereby mediating the effects of Hsp70 on Src signaling. Using several complementary approaches, we established that the Hsp70-Bag3 module is a broad-acting regulator of cancer cell signaling by modulating the activity of the ...

This study integrates photovoltaic (PV) system, building structure, and heat flow mechanism to propose the notion of ventilated Building-Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV) walls. The energy-saving potential of the ventilated BIPV walls was investigated via engineering considerations and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations. The results show that the heat removal rate and indoor heat gain ...

This paper deals with the heat exchange performance prediction of a counter flow double-tube condenser for binary natural refrigerant mixtures (propane/n-butane & propane/i-butane ). The local characteristics of the heat transfer and pressure drop are calculated using a prediction method developed by authors, and the total pressure drop, the overall heat transfer coefficient and the average hea...