Developmental aberrations of the thyroid gland are common. It develops from pharyngeal endoderm, appearing in the fourth embryonic week as a hollow median outgrowth from the floor of the primitive pharynx at the site of the future foramen caecum of the tongue. The thyroid rudiment lies in intimate relationship with the aortic sac, being in direct contact with its endothelium. The rudiment grows...

UNLABELLED The clinical characteristics of reversible left ventricular dysfunction due to "takotsubo" cardiomyopathy have been described, but the origin of this condition remains unclear. This study investigated (123)I-metaiodobenzlguanidine ((123)I-MIBG) myocardial scintigraphy in patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy. METHODS Eight consecutive patients with takotsubo cardiomyopathy were st...

BACKGROUND Septal penetration causes collimator-dependent differences in the heart-to-mediastinum (H/M) ratio in 123I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) cardiac imaging. We investigated generally applicable methods to correct such differences. METHODS AND RESULTS Four hours after 123I-MIBG injection, 40 patients underwent anterior chest imaging successively with medium-energy (ME) and various non...

AIMS Extent of cardiac sympathetic activation can be estimated from physiological parameters, blood biomarkers, and imaging findings. This study examined the prognostic value of three markers of sympathetic activity and their relationship to beta blocker dose in heart failure patients. METHODS AND RESULTS A post hoc analysis of 858 heart failure subjects in the ADMIRE-HF trial was performed. ...

The heart is the vital organ that tirelessly pumps oxygenated blood from the lungs to the organs and peripheral tissues via the circulatory system. In return, deoxygenated blood is returned via the heart and the pulmonary circulation to the lungs to expel waste carbon dioxide (figure 1). The average human heart beats approximately 72 beats per minute totalling around 2.5 billion beats in a 66-y...

background: the superiority of either of body mass index (bmi), waist circumference (wc), waist-to-hip ratio (whr) and waist-to-height ratio (whtr) for prediction of metabolic syndrome (mets) is remained controversial in asian population. the objective of this study was to compare the discriminative capacity of either of these measures in prediction of non-adipose components of mets. methods: i...

Surgical removal of intrathoracic goiter can be performed by a cervical approach in the majority of patients. Review of literature shows that experienced surgeons need to perform an extracervical approach in 2-3% of cases. In spite of surgical management of substernal goiter is well defined, there is little available information about surgical approach of intrathoracic goiters extending beyond ...

AIMS The purpose of this study was to determine the most appropriate prognostic endpoint for myocardial (123)I-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) based on aggregate results from multiple studies published in the past decade. METHODS AND RESULTS Original individual late (3-5 h) heart/mediastinum (H/M) ratio data of 636 CHF patients were ret...

Hydatid cysts are widespread zoonosis that originate from the larval embodiment of Echinococcusand can be frequently found in lung and liver parenchyma, addition, they emerge various atypical locationsin thoracic cavity such as mediastinum, its vascular compounds heart, interlobar fissures, thepleural pericardial space, well structures chest wall diaphragm. Computed tomographyas one most utiliz...