in the present article, the author has tried to describe ghazali's arguments and claims to oppose philosophers and philosophy in brief; for, it goes without saying that he is one of the most serious and stubborn opponents of philosophy and philosophers in all historical eras. in this concern, many points have been posed; but we are better to judge based of words of ghazali and first-order ...

Kant believes that the concepts of a just and compassionate God and the life beyond death spring from our rational need to unite happiness with virtue. But since Kant had banished happiness from any place in moral reasoning, his philosophy of religion have been deemed as not merely discontinuous with his ethics but radically opposed to it. This article tries to argue against this apparent incon...

There is a new method for teaching moral reasoning, and it does not require a traditional classroom. The Ethics Bowl began in 1993 when Professor Robert Ladenson organized a competition in which several teams debated resolutions to moral dilemmas. This first event, held at the Illinois Institute of Technology, was a success due to the fact that students not only achieved a deep and nuanced unde...

TiE Victorian era secured for man the revolutionary concepts of geological time and natural selection and may well have been the last epoch in which the world of science was seriously contested by the principles of theology, if not the ethics of religion. Not since the time of Galileo was there a greater need for resolution and compromise between these opposing forces. Thomas Henry Huxley clear...

My purpose in this article is not to offer any original insights into Hegel’s ethics, but merely to provide a brief overview that draws upon the most reliable secondary sources. In order to help organize the material, I compare Hegel’s views with the communitarian critique of liberalism. Following this, there is a brief account of the relation between Hegel’s ethical and religious thought. Hege...

al-ghazali was one of the islamic scholars who was concerned to revival of religious teachings. in ihya’ ‘ulum al-din, he tried to provide a pattern in this regard for the believers of his time. in this article, authors attempt to discuss effects of religiosity with emphasis on psychological views of al-ghazali. for this purpose, al-ghazali’s ideas which has been expressed in four parts of ihya...

rationality of religious belief is one of the most important issues in the philosophy of religion and includes five epistemological approaches. up till recent times, evidentialism was the approach prevalent in the field of rationality of religious beliefs. and it was considered as a symbol of maximal rationalism. reformed epistemology, however, is a newly-emerged school which opposes evidential...