The effects of the Fenton reagent on recycled unbleached pulp in the absence and presence of a model chemical contaminant, the p-hydroxybenzoic acid (HBA), were studied. In the absence of HBA, the Fenton system clearly modified the chemical and papermaking properties of the pulp. The kappa number was reduced and the specific light absorption coefficient was increased, indicating lignin modifica...

AIMS To evaluate whether fasting plasma glucose values measured early during insulin therapy can identify patients with Type 2 diabetes who may not achieve adequate glycaemic control after 6 months and will require additional treatment. METHODS Patient-level data from seven prospective, randomized, controlled studies using treat-to-target methods were pooled to evaluate the efficacy of insuli...

OBJECTIVE Long-term implications of childhood obesity and BMI change over the life course for risk of type 2 diabetes remain uncertain. The objective was to establish whether there are effects on adult glucose metabolism of 1) sensitive periods of BMI gain or 2) long duration of overweight and obesity. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Participants in the 1958 British birth cohort with child to adu...

OBJECTIVE To examine the value of glycated haemoglobin (HbA(1c)) concentration, a marker of blood glucose concentration, as a predictor of death from cardiovascular and all causes in men. DESIGN Prospective population study. SETTING Norfolk cohort of European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC-Norfolk). SUBJECTS 4662 men aged 45-79 years who had had glycated haemogl...

OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine whether the continuous glucose monitoring system (CGMS) (MiniMed, Sylmar, CA) 1) is sufficiently representative of the overall metabolic control as assessed by HbA(1c), 2) could be used to identify a particular blood glucose threshold value affecting hemoglobin glycation; and 3) is able to show any relationship between particular glycemic pro...

OBJECTIVE Estrogen seems to contribute to glucose homeostasis in women. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on HbA(1c) levels in Japanese postmenopausal women and to determine whether the effects varied with age. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We studied 99 postmenopausal women taking HRT (mean +/- SD age 56.5 +/- 6.9 years, BMI 21.5 +/- 2....

OBJECTIVE Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) recently has been recommended for the diagnosis of diabetes by the American Diabetes Association, but its value in the prediction of type 2 diabetes is poorly understood. In this study we evaluated how high-normal HbA(1c) levels predict type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We measured HbA(1c) in 919 Caucasian subjects, aged 40-79 years, and ...

OBJECTIVE To test adherence to blood glucose monitoring (BGM) as a mediator between diabetes-specific family conflict and glycemic control (hemoglobin A(1c) [HbA(1c)] levels) for 1 year. DESIGN Three waves of prospective data spanning 1 year. SETTING Diabetes clinic in a large tertiary care children's hospital in the Midwestern United States. PARTICIPANTS One hundred forty-five dyads comp...

OBJECTIVE This study evaluated the risk of myocardial infarction (MI) by impaired glycemic control in a contemporary large cohort of patients with type 2 diabetes followed from diagnosis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Patients with type 2 diabetes diagnosed between 1995 and 2011 were retrieved from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink in the U.K., and followed from diagnosis until event of M...

OBJECTIVE In type 2 diabetes, therapies to maintain blood glucose control usually fail after several years. We estimated the glycemic burden that accumulates from treatment failure and describe the time course and predictors of failure. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A prospective, population-based study using retrospective observational data. We identified all 7208 complete courses of treatment...