in many countries, studies to determine the severity of desertification and providing land plans to implement desertification. one of the models is modified medalus or iranian model (imdpa), has been used in present research in order to investigate desertification situation in the tashk region of fars province. in this research, the modified imdpa model used with emphasis on the water, soil and...

widespread use of pharmaceuticals has resulted in mixture concentrations ranging from mg/l in effluent to µg/l concentrations in surface water. in a 2008 study, 13 pharmaceuticals, ranging in amounts from 0.0028 to 0.1757 µg/l, were identified in the tennessee river, usa and its tributaries. in order to address the need for risk assessment of environmentally relevant pharmaceutical mixtures, da...

kumasi, sekondi-takoradi, and accra are the major recipients of agricultural commodities or productions in ghana, primarily due to their population and ready markets. to ensure food security, meet food demands, and mitigate the threats posed by pests and diseases, pesticides are used when cultivating vegetables and fruits in ghana. the present study has been conducted to assess the concentratio...

the purchase of insurance may cause the insureds to increase the costs of insurance companies, compared to their estimation of costs. if after the demand of insurance services, the loss ratio of insurance companies increases because of consumer behavior, moral hazard will be evident. in this paper, after introducing the literature, the presence of moral hazard in iran insurance company is teste...

Seismic reliability assessment of selected bridge structures code-conforming with respect to the current Italian practice is carried out. Two viaducts, tall and shallow, two highway overpasses, traditional seat-type or integral abutments, are considered. Each structure ideally placed at three reference sites, that is, Milan, Naples L'Aquila, characterised by low, moderate high seismic hazard, r...

Selection of earthquake ground motions is considered with the goal of accurately estimating the response of a structure at a speci ed ground motion intensity, as measured by spectral acceleration at the rstmode period of the structure, Sa(T1). Consideration is given to the magnitude, distance and epsilon ( ) values of ground motions. First, it is seen that selecting records based on their value...