BACKGROUND Individual rapid tests for serodiagnosis (RDT) of human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) are particularly suited for passive screening and surveillance. However, so far, no large scale evaluation of RDTs has been performed for diagnosis of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense HAT in West Africa. The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy of 2 commercial HAT-RDTs on stored...

We report a large mode area photonic crystal fiber with flat-top field. The optical has multi-layer square structure air holes and doped layer. A flat top-hat-like intensity profile is provided through the reasonable design of modal characteristics including effective area, dispersion, bending loss, confinement loss field are investigated. proposed top-hat generation potential applications in l...

base verb SCHIESSEN and a basic configuration, these rules profile further segments, until the entire causal chain (14) is profiled. Not only prefix derivation, but also zero-derivation occurs in this process (cf. Copestake / Briscoe, 1996:16, 18). In (24) the verb profile of configuration 3 is shifted to the right: (24) Das Gewehr schießt. [The rifle shoots.] We have seen that profiling bears ...

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), due to the transmission of Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) gambiense and T. b. rhodesiense by tsetse flies, is re-emerging in inter-tropical Africa. It evolves from the hemolymphatic Stage I to the meningo-encephalitic Stage II. The latter is generally treated with melarsoprol, an arseniate provoking often a deadly encephalopathy. A precise determination of the H...

INTRODUCTION Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is a vector borne parasitic disease transmitted to humans by infected tse-tse flies cause morbidity including delayed child mental development. Reports of nuisance and bites from tse-tse flies by residents of Kachia grazing led to the study to determine the knowledge, practices and prevalence of HAT among residents of the grazing reserve. METHO...