In recent years a number of studies have attempted to rank drugs by a single measure of harmfulness as the basis for decisions about scheduling and classification. These efforts are fundamentally flawed, both conceptually and methodologically. The effort to provide a single measure masks the variety of non-comparable dimensions that are relevant, the fact that benefits are ignored for most, but...

The codling moth Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera Tortricidae) is one of the key pests in apple and pear trees and its high harmfulness on the fruits requires a strongly effective pest management. Among the pest control strategies adopted in the years, nowadays integrated pest management (IPM) represents one of the most diffused methods and it requires pest monitoring by means of sex pheromone...

Outdoor recreational activities for leisure and sport training have grown in popularity. Their environmental impacts remain little studied, especially the waste generated by over-frequentation. Our objective was to document how frequentation of a short mountain hiking trail can lead significant quantities waste. To this aim, all small objects found along three-kilometer were collected their ori...

Vasoconstriction is a normal response to a fall in blood volume, but excessive vasoconstriction caused by pressor drugs, while it raises the arterial pressure, is considered to be undesirable because it decreases the already diminished flow through capillaries (1, 2). Pressor drugs are therefore said to be harmful in shock in which there is a diminished blood volume, although many physicians st...

Political conservatives and liberals were interviewed about 3 kinds of sexual acts: homosexual sex, unusual forms of masturbation, and consensual incest between an adult brother and sister. Conservatives were more likely to moralize and to condemn these acts, but the differences were concentrated in the homosexual scenarios and were minimal in the incest scenarios. Content analyses reveal that ...

OBJECTIVES To describe marijuana use by Canadians and their perceptions of risk and harm. DESIGN A cross-sectional, structured, online and telephone survey. PARTICIPANTS A nationally representative sample of Canadians. METHODS This survey used random probability sampling and targeted respondents based on age, sex, region and their expected response rate. RESULTS Of the 20% of respondent...

Cigarette production involves a number of substances and materials other than just tobacco, paper and a filter. Tobacco additives include flavorings, enhancers, humectants, sugars, and ammonium compounds. Although companies maintain that tobacco additives do not enhance smoke toxicity and do not make cigarettes more attractive or addictive, these claims are questioned by independent researchers...