The phenomenon of metal hyperaccumulation by plants is often explained by a pathogen or herbivore defense hypothesis. However, some insects feeding on metal hyperaccumulating plants are adapted to the high level of metals in plant tissues. Former studies on species that feed on the leaves of Berkheya coddii Roessler 1958 (Asteraceae), a nickel-hyperaccumulating plant, demonstrated several prote...

Abstract The structure and functionality of digestive system gastrointestinal microbiota composition play a crucial role in the development tract gut morphology. A well-developed will have proper balanced proportion between beneficial harmful microbes; therefore, this balance promote nutrient utilization stimulate immune system. living an animal’s can be modulated through feeding prebiotic or p...

The aim of the research was to present current data on distribution and development some alien phytophagous insects in territory Ukraine.We considered 19 species insects, including 2 Coleoptera, 7 Hemiptera (including 4 bug species), Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, 1 Diptera. Hyphantria cunea penetrated Ukraine about 70 years ago sometimes outbreaks orchards or shelterbelts. Cameraria ohridella Cydal...

Synthetic insecticides are very efficient in insect control but can be harmful for the environment and health. They cause disturbances in ecosystem functioning, are toxic for a wide range of non-target organisms, and have a high tendency to accumulate in the environment. Because of this, some alternatives are being sought. A good solution seems to use biologically active peptides like peptide h...

Today, Insect Pest management (IPM) has to face up to the economic and ecological consequences of the use of pest control measures. Fifty years of sustained struggle against harmful insects using synthetic and oil-derivative molecules has produced perverse secondary effects (mammalian toxicity, insect resistance and ecological hazards). The diversification of the approaches inherent in IPM is n...

Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) whiteßy populations produce economically important damage to crops by their direct feeding and also by transmitting plant viruses. Although there are several methods to reduce B. tabaci damage, most growers rely on the use of insecticides to decrease populations of this pest. Insecticides that reduce feeding of whiteßy adults may also reduce the transmission of viruse...

Heavy metal ions are harmful for entomopathogenic fungi. Derivatives of starch dialdehyde such as dihydrazone (DHZ), dithiosemicarbazone (DTSC), and dioxime (DOX) were used to form water-insoluble complexes with heavy metal ions. This phenomenon thus provided protection of entomopathogenic fungus Paecilomyces farinosus from the toxic effects of heavy metal ions. The fungus growth and the sporul...

A phylogenetic approach to anxiety is proposed. The different facets of human anxiety and their presence at different levels of the phylum are examined. All organisms, including unicellular such as protozoan, can display a specific reaction to danger. The mechanisms enabling the appraisal of harmful stimuli are fully present in insects. In higher invertebrates, fear is associated with a specifi...

Pesticides are essential for agricultural and horticultural crops production. Pesticides are commonly classified as insecticide, fungicide, herbicide, rodenticide, etc. These pesticides act against insects, rodents, weeds which are harmful in agricultural or horticultural planting. Normally, farmers use the pesticides following the instruction written in the package. In most cases, the pesticid...

Several insects are harmful to apples grown in Brazil, especially the leafroller Bonagota salubricola (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae), usually controlled with chemical insecticides. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the use of Metarhizium anisopliae strains in the control of the apple leafroller, by assessing their virulence to B. salubricola larvae in bioassays with suspensions of...