This 68-year-old patient with Stage 4 chronic kidney disease was reviewed in our low clearance clinic 2 months after formation of a left arteriovenous fistula. The prominent ‘half-and-half’ appearance of his nails was noted. Nail disorders are common in chronic renal failure, affecting up to 70% of haemodialysis patients [1]. Half-and-half or Lindsay nails [2], where the proximal half of the na...

Software often goes through a variety of extensions during its lifetime: adding new fields or new variants to a data structure, retroactively creating new type abstractions, and adding new operations on a data structure. As characterized by the extensibility problem, it should be possible to apply any combination of these types of extensions in any order. Mainstream object-oriented languages, h...

A 14-month-old child was diagnosed with a Veau Class II cleft palate. Von Langenbeck palatoplasty was performed for the right palate, and V-Y pushback palatoplasty was performed for the left palate. The child did not have a special problem during the surgery, and the authors were able to elongate the cleft by 10 mm. Contrary to preoperative concerns regarding the hybrid use of palatoplasties, t...

Example An operating system is a widely-used example of a complex concurrent system that manages many different types of applications and hardware. For instance, it coordinates and demultiplexes the communication between standard Internet networking applications, such as telnet, ftp, smtp, dns, and inetd, and hardware I/O devices, such as network interfaces, disk controllers, end-user terminals...

Protein splicing involves the self-catalyzed excision of protein splicing elements, or inteins, from flanking polypeptide sequences, or exteins, leading to the formation of new proteins in which the exteins are linked directly by a peptide bond. To study the enzymology of this interesting process we have expressed and purified N- and C-terminal segments of the Mycobacterium tuberculosis RecA in...

The phytochrome gene of the moss Ceratodon purpureus (phyCer) codes for a novel phytochrome polypeptide with a predicted molecular mass of 145 kDa that has a COOH-terminal domain which is homologous to the catalytic domain of eukaryotic protein kinases. In this paper we report the first biochemical evidence that in fact, as predicted from the gene sequence, PhyCer represents an active, light-re...

The genome size, complexity, and ploidy of the dimorphic pathogenic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum was determined by using DNA renaturation kinetics, genomic reconstruction, and flow cytometry. Nuclear DNA was isolated from two strains, G186AS and Downs, and analyzed by renaturation kinetics and genomic reconstruction with three putative single-copy genes (calmodulin, alpha-tubulin, and beta-tub...

The denaturation by guanidinium chloride of the monomeric phosphoglycerate mutase from Schizosaccharomyces pombe was studied. The loss in activity broadly parallels the changes in protein structure detected by fluorescence and c.d. Renaturation can be brought about by dilution of the denaturing agent. These processes were compared with those in the enzymes from baker's yeast and rabbit muscle, ...

The molecular size of mu and pi symbionts of Parameciumaurelia has been calculated from renaturation kinetic data. Observed values were 0.78 x 10(9) daltons for mu particle DNA and 0.81 x 10(9) daltons for pi particle DNA. Estimates of analytical complexity were 4.45 x 10(9) and 5.05 x 10(9) daltons respectively. Based on these data, mu and pi symbionts appear to possess multiple genomes and co...

Rapidly reannealing DNA, containing repeated base sequences, was shown to be present in the genomes of four Rhizobium bacteriophages by studies of renaturation kinetics. Estimations of the mol. wt. of the DNA by measurement of kinetic complexity gave values of I "3 × IoS for phage c, 1.6 × lO 8 for phage I, 9"4 × lO7 for phage e and 8.2 × io 7 for phage a. Comparison of the phage DNAs by anneal...