In recent years, question answering (QA) systems such as those in the yearly TREC conferences have reached a remarkably high level of performance. These systems are premised on the short-answer model, in which the goal is to answer questions for which the correct response is a number, short phrase, or sentence fragment. However, many questions that occur in real-life tasks are not in this class...

Conventional travel itineraries list travel related information, such as flights and hotel bookings, in a chronological order of date and time. As such the only observable relationship between different activities listed on a conventional itinerary is that the activities follow one another sequentially in time. Various graphical travel itinerary visualization systems have recently been develope...

This research examines the rise of a new religious travel segment – Umrah Do It Yourself (DIY) travellers. While Hajj is fifth pillar Islam, minor Muslim pilgrimage that can be undertaken at any time year, while still playing crucial role in completion rituals. In past, was managed by an authorised agent, who makes all necessary preparations, from flights to trip itineraries. Recent years have ...

sporadic serogroup C ET-24 strain. The 16S rRNA gene sequences of 66 N. meningitidis isolates representing serogroups A, B, C, W135, Z, and Y were diverse, with nine different sequences among the NMW135 isolates. Finally , all four recent NMW135 isolates had identical NheI pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) patterns distinct from patterns seen in other NMW135 isolates. All these molecular ...

BACKGROUND Diagnosis and treatment of respiratory tract infections (RTI) in a mass-gathering situation such as hajj is a medical challenge that requires quick decision-making and considerable knowledge about its etiology and treatment methods. High prevalence of RTI during Hajj and tendency of caravan physicians to treat of patients quickly in such situation lead to prescription of parenteral s...

BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES The congregation of a large number of people during Hajj seasons from different parts of the world in overcrowded conditions within a confined area for a long period of time presents many public health challenges and health risks. One of the main health problems of the crowding is ease transmission of pneumonia by air droplets. This study was aimed to determine the most ...

in the post-islamic era, factors such as constructing the city of baghdad, flourishing of trade, and hajj travels prospered the roadways of the eastern world of islam, which mainly passed through iran, providing for the safety and welfare of these roads were among the significant issues. in the third and fourth centuries a.h., each part of the above-mentioned connecting roads was located in the...