(H1N1) became resistant to both oseltamivir and amantadine in a short span of 1 month. Oseltamivir-resistant A/Brisbane/59/2007-like clade 2B virus that had reassorted with A/Hong Kong/2652/2006-like clade 2C virus had apparently spread in the community and to other regions of the world. The possibility of reassortment with pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus is a major concern. Resistance to oseltamivi...

The spring of 2009 witnessed the emergence of a novel influenza A(H1N1) virus resulting in the first influenza pandemic since 1968. In autumn of 2010, the 2009 novel H1N1 influenza strain re-emerged. We performed a retrospective time-series analysis of all patients with laboratory-confirmed H1N1 influenza who presented to our institution during 2009. Cases of influenza were assembled into 3-day...

H1N1 viruses in which all gene segments are of avian origin are the most frequent cause of influenza pandemics in humans; therefore, we examined the disease-causing potential of 31 avian H1N1 isolates of American lineage in DBA/2J mice. Thirty of 31 isolates were very virulent, causing respiratory tract infection; 22 of 31 resulted in fecal shedding; and 10 of 31 were as pathogenic as the pande...

In this report, we describe the occurrence of two novel swine influenza viruses (SIVs) in pigs in Argentina. These viruses are the result of two independent reassortment events between the H1N1 pandemic influenza virus (H1N1pdm) and human-like SIVs, showing the constant evolution of influenza viruses at the human-swine interface and the potential health risk of H1N1pdm as it appears to be maint...

We thank Dr Das for his interest in our case series published in CHEST (May 2010). 1 In his letter, Dr Das emphasizes some of the key clinical data presented in Table 1 of our report on six patients with both pandemic 2009 infl uenza A(H1N1) (A[H1N1 ]) and cardiac dysfunction. We agree that other conditions, including but not limited to sepsis, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome, and peripartu...

BACKGROUND A novel influenza H1N1 began in March 2009, rapidly spread, and then became a pandemic outbreak. Diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction result was not always available because of a surge in workload and therefore clinical diagnosis became important. However, clinical differences between the patients infected by the novel H1N1 virus and those infected by the influenza-like non-novel H...

BACKGROUND Hajj is a mass gathering undertaken annually in Mecca, Saudi Arabia. The 2009 Hajj coincided with both the pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009 (A(H1N1)pdm09) and seasonal types of influenza A viruses. The interaction between pandemic influenza and Hajj could cause both a high level of mortality among the pilgrims and the spread of infection in their respective countries upon their return ...

Over the past two decades a number of severe acute respiratory infection outbreaks such as the 2009 influenza A (H1N1) and the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have emerged and presented a considerable global public health threat. Epidemiologic evidence suggests that diabetic subjects are more susceptible to these conditions. However, the prevalence of diabetes in H1N1 an...

OBJECTIVES To study the clinical profile of the H1N1 influenza cases attending government hospitals in South India and to study the impact of H1N1 infection on pregnancy outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total number of 442 H1N1 positive patients (198 inpatients and 244 outpatients) from two government hospitals in Chennai, Madras Medical College & Government General Hospital and Institute of ...

BACKGROUND Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) 2009 has posed a serious public health challenge world-wide. H1N1 critical illness mostly affects young patients and is often fatal. OBJECTIVE Primary objective was to study clinical profile of the patients admitted with confirmed H1N1 swine flu infection. Secondary objective was to observe the risk factors associated with complications like need of mech...