The overlay of an intelligent frequency diversity spread spectrum system (FDSS) on the (GSM) system is studied. The uplink capacity of both systems is given using a model of 36 hexagonal macrocells. Performance of GSM and FDSS users is investigated. An original GSM system with 48 users/macrocell can be substituted by a mixed system, which has GSM system capacity of 48 users/macrocell and FDSS s...

This document provides an overview on the key measurements required for testing GSM transceivers. GSM mobile performance derivation is also discussed. This overview is intended to help a RF designer with no GSM RF system knowledge to get up to speed with the GSM system. Various systems are compared (GSM900, DCS1800, PCS1900, CT2, and DECT). Key design issues such as phase error and frequency er...

The broadcast nature of radio medium in GSM networks makes them more vulnerable to various attacks. Any attacker can have complete control over the communication channel, listen to phone calls, read email, and spy on whatever data has been sent via GSM mobile communication system. This paper introduces a middleware security system that aims to protect the GSM communication channel and minimize ...

Current security model in Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) predominantly use symmetric key cryptography. The rapid advancement of Internet technology facilitates online trading, banking, downloading, emailing using resource-constrained handheld devices such as personal digital assistants and cell phones. However, these applications require more security than the present GSM support...

This article contains a current outline of the GSM system security, with focus on the air interface protocol. It presents the terminology and describes the GSM security operation, including its principles and features. This document also discusses the effectiveness of GSM authentication and the strength of GSM encryption. It includes therefore the most significant physical and cryptanalytic att...

Electronic voting systems have the potential to improve traditional voting procedures by providing added convenience and flexibility to the voter. Numerous electronic voting schemes have been proposed in the past, but most of them have failed to provide voter authentication in an efficient and transparent way. On the other hand, GSM (Global System for Mobile communications) is the most widely u...

objective(s) the possible risks of radio-frequency electromagnetic fields (emf) for the living organisms and human body are a growing concern for our society. in this study, we examined the possibility of changes in working memory and hippocampal histological characteristics effects in mice brain following whole body exposure to microwave radiation. materials and methods during gestation period...

This paper describes the early history of GSM, who founded it, and why it was founded. Some services of GSM will be described like SMS, and the emergency call service. The network layout of GSM, and the layers of the protocol will also be described. Introduction GSM was conceived in the early 1980’s by the study group: Groupe Spécial Mobile. GSM had some ambitious goals, some were met, and some...