‎In this paper‎, ‎we introduce fractional-order into a model of HIV-1 infection of CD4^+ T--cells‎. ‎We study the effect of ‎the changing the average number of viral particles $N$ with different sets of initial conditions on the dynamics of‎ ‎the presented model‎. ‎ ‎The nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme is implemented‎ ‎to study the dynamic behaviors in the fractional--order HIV-1‎ ‎...

The Grunwald-Winstein type analyses with respect to Ycl scale on the specific rates of solvolysis of extremely crowded tertiary alkyl chlorides having a neopentyl or a (1-adamanty1)methyl group at the reaction center show that they behave as k, substrates. The neopentyl group is more effective in backside shielding than a tertiary butyl group. There are now many unprecedented examples that show...

The objectives of this study were to conduct a prevalence survey of trichomoniasis in pregnant women and to evaluate the utility of different methods for its diagnosis. A total of 597 vaginal exudates from pregnant women who were examined at the Hospital de Clinicas in Buenos Aires, Argentina from 1 August 2005 to 31 January 2007, were prospectively and consecutively evaluated. The investigatio...

This paper studies the discretization of fractional operators by means advanced clustering methods. The Grünwald–Letnikov operator is approximated series generated Euler, Tustin and generalized mean. for different orders form objects to be assessed. For this purpose, several distances associated with hierarchical multidimensional scaling computational techniques are tested. Arc-cosine distance ...

The method ot atomic decomposition of Besov and Lizorkin-Triebel function spaces is combined with basic ideas from the theory of singular integral operators and applied to the study of fractional integral and diierential operators (FIDO), of which the Riesz potential is considered in detail as a model example. The main new results are: characterization of the Riesz potential by an innnite-dimen...

Fractional order partial differential equations are generalizations of classical partial differential equations. Increasingly, these models are used in applications such as fluid flow, finance and others. In this paper we examine some practical numerical methods to solve a class of initial- boundary value fractional partial differential equations with variable coefficients on a finite domain. S...

this study develops and analyzes preconditioned krylov subspace methods to solve linear systemsarising from discretization of the time-independent space-fractional models. first, we apply shifted grunwald formulas to obtain a stable finite difference approximation to fractional advection-diffusion equations. then, we employee two preconditioned iterative methods, namely, the preconditioned gene...

In the paper an algorithm for automatic detection of red blood cells in microscopic images is described and investigated. For this purpose digital microscopic images stained by means of the MGG (May-Grunwald-Giemsa) method are applied. This method consists in three main stages. The first one is composed of the conversion to binary image using the modified histogram thresholding. The second one ...