Tibial dyschondroplasia (TD) cases has not been reported in Tibetan chickens (TBCs), but it is commonly seen in commercial broilers characterized by lameness. The underlying mechanism remains unclear. Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are important regulators of cellular adaptation to hypoxic conditions. In this study, we investigated the role of HIF-1α, -2α, and -3α in hypoxia and thiram-induce...

The majority of the skeleton arises by endochondral ossification, whereby cartilaginous templates expand and are resorbed by osteoclasts then replaced by osteoblastic bone formation. Ephrin B2 is a receptor tyrosine kinase expressed by osteoblasts and growth plate chondrocytes that promotes osteoblast differentiation and inhibits osteoclast formation. We investigated the role of ephrin B2 in en...

Physis or "Growth plate" is responsible for Longitudinal and latitudinal growth of bones, during growth period of life. Trumatic lesions of the physis may have disturbancing effect on the growing bone. These lesions can result complete or partial growth arrest and shortten-ing or angular deformity of the bone.Trumatic lesion of the Physis is very common in male than female, and they are 15 to 2...

Extracellular phosphate plays a key role in growth plate maturation by inducing Erk1/2 (Mapk3/1) phosphorylation, leading to hypertrophic chondrocyte apoptosis. The Raf kinases induce Mek1/2 (Map2k1/2) and Erk1/2 phosphorylation; however, a role for Raf kinases in endochondral bone formation has not been identified. Ablation of both A-Raf (Araf) and B-Raf (Braf) in chondrocytes does not alter g...

Fetal growth depends in part on placental growth. The authors tested placental measures derived from digital images for reliability and to evaluate their association with birth weight and gestational age. A total of 628 women recruited into the Pregnancy, Infection, and Nutrition Study, a prospective cohort study of preterm birth in central North Carolina between 2002 and 2004, delivered single...

Leptin and thyroid hormone are two hormones that regulate energy balance through central signaling mechanisms. Recent studies in leptin-deficient ob/ob mice indicate that leptin also has peripheral effects in modulating the function of the growth plate, perhaps in terms of proliferation and differentiation enhancement. Thyroid hormone has been well-described as a potent stimulator of growth pla...

PURPOSE Pathologic changes in the growth plate remain unknown in Legg-Calvé-Perthes (LCP) disease. Spontaneously hypertensive rats have proven to be a good model for studying LCP disease. This study investigated the histopathologic changes and the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in the growth plate of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR). MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixty SHR rats...

ON APRIL 14, 2005, a workshop on the skeletal effects of pharmacologic agents in children was held at the National Institutes of Health. Jointly sponsored by the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR) and the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, the meeting was organized in response to suggestions from the Pediatric Bone Initiative of the ASBMR.1 Previous di...

Homozygous mice with a null mutation in the MMP-9/gelatinase B gene exhibit an abnormal pattern of skeletal growth plate vascularization and ossification. Although hypertrophic chondrocytes develop normally, apoptosis, vascularization, and ossification are delayed, resulting in progressive lengthening of the growth plate to about eight times normal. After 3 weeks postnatal, aberrant apoptosis, ...