The, submaximal, thermodynamic efficiency of aerobic microbial growth depends on whether no consumption / production of 02, or no carbon product other than biomass, is admitted into the assimilation equation. When the growth substrate has a low degree of reduction, the former efficiency approaches 22 % whilst the latter approaches 54 %. Expectations for maximal growth rate at optimum efficiency...

The U.S. hog industry has experienced dramatic structural changes and rapid increases in farm productivity. A stochastic frontier analysis is used to measure hog enterprise total factor productivity (TFP) growth between 1992 and 2004 and to decompose this growth into technical change and changes in technical efficiency, scale efficiency, and allocative efficiency. Productivity gains over the 12...

Nitrate pollutants increase the growth of algal bloom, resulting in fresh water eutrophication. The high nitrogen level in wastewater has become a growing concern, which has risen the necessity to develop efficient nitrogen removal techniques. Biological denitrification, which is the reduction of oxidized nitrogen compounds like nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen compounds, is the most impo...

Nitrate pollutants increase the growth of algal bloom, resulting in fresh water eutrophication. The high nitrogen level in wastewater has become a growing concern, which has risen the necessity to develop efficient nitrogen removal techniques. Biological denitrification, which is the reduction of oxidized nitrogen compounds like nitrate or nitrite to gaseous nitrogen compounds, is the most impo...

This study was carried out to determine the effects of Immunogen as a prebiotic on growth-related parameters and gut micro-flora in R. kutum fry. A basal diet was formulated using common feed ingredients supplemented with Immunogen at 0, 1, 1.5, and 2 g kg-1 leading to four experimental diets.  Fish were randomly distributed in 500 L fiberglass tanks (1×1×0.5 m). The experiment lasted for eight ...

energy, due to its increasing usage in various broad areas has been maintained as a vital factor in economic growth and development of societies. meanwhile, natural gas is considered as one of the most important energy sources. therefore, the efficiency and the productivity of the gas companies are crucial to be assessed. numerous examples from industrial multistage processes including internal...

Productivity growth and efficiency improvements are the major sources of economic development. Pure efficiency, scale efficiency, and technology are basic factors, and rules and regulations and balance are recently known factors affecting the Malmquist productivity index. The index is the most common productivity growth index that uses data envelopment analysis models over multiple time periods...

This paper is a survey of recent contributions to and developments in the relationship between efficiency and productivity via the production function. The objective is to provide a brief discussion on data and on the methods of measuring efficiency and productivity. First, we introduce the reader to the measurement of partial and total factor productivity in the context of static and firm - sp...