Ground level enhancements (GLEs) are space weather events that pose a potential hazard to the aviation environment through single event effects in avionics and increased dose passengers crew. The existing ground neutron monitoring network provides continuous well-characterized measurements of radiation environment. However, there only few dozen active stations worldwide, has not been UK-based s...

Ground-level ozone (O3) is mainly produced during daytime in the presence of ultraviolet (UV) light and later destroyed by nitrogen oxides nighttime. However, pollution caused excessive use artificial lights may disrupt chemistry night-time ground-level O3 providing enough energy to initiate nighttime production. In this study, (7 p.m. 7 a.m.) O3, oxide (NO), dioxides (NO2) concentrations were ...

Structural damage can be controlled in performance based seismic design (PBSD) according to the requirement under a certain hazard level. During strong ground motion (GM) such buildings suffer minor to major damages depending on the shaking level of GM. The available damage assessment methods are complex, tedious and time-consuming procedure. In the present study, a simplified empirical model h...